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PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.4
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
CELIA
Yes, I think he is not a pick-purse nor a
horse-stealer, but for his verity in love, I do think
him as concave as a covered goblet or a worm-eaten nut.
ROSALIND
Not true in love?
CELIA
Yes, when he is in, but I think he is not in.
ROSALIND
You have heard him swear downright he was.
CELIA
“Was” is not “is.” Besides, the oath of a lover is no
stronger than the word of a tapster. They are both the
confirmer of false reckonings. He attends here in the
forest on the duke your father.
ROSALIND
I met the duke yesterday and had much question with
him. He asked me of what parentage I was. I told him, of
as good as he. So he laughed and let me go. But what
talk we of fathers when there is such a man as Orlando?

DUTCH:
Was is geen is; bovendien, de eed van een minnaar is niet meer waard dan de eed van een tapper; zij zijn beide de bekrachtiging van valsche rekeningen

MORE:
Verity=Truthfulness
Concave=Hollow
Downright=Directly, without stopping short, without further ceremony, plainly
Tapster=Barman (traditionally considered dishonest)
False=Not right, wrong, erroneous
Reckoning=The money charged by a host (a Bill)
Question=Conversation
Compleat:
Verity=Waarheyd
Concave=Hol
Downright (plain and clear)=Eenvoudig and clear
Downright (plain or open)=Duidelyk of openhartig
A downright contradiction=Een rechtstrydede zaak
Tapster=Een tapper, biertapper
False=Valsch, onwaar; nagemaakt, verraderlyk
Reckoning=(in a public house) Gelach

Topics: language, clarity/precision, truth, honesty

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.3
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Amen. A man may, if he were of a fearful heart, stagger
in this attempt, for here we have no temple but the
wood, no assembly but horn-beasts. But what though?
Courage. As horns are odious, they are necessary. It is
said, “Many a man knows no end of his goods.” Right:
many a man has good horns and knows no end of
them. Well, that is the dowry of his wife; ’tis none of
his own getting. Horns? Even so. Poor men alone? No, no.
The noblest deer hath them as huge as the rascal. Is
the single man therefore blessed? No. As a walled town
is more worthier than a village, so is the forehead of a
married man more honourable than the bare brow of a
bachelor. And by how much defence is better than no
skill, by so much is a horn more precious than to want.
Here comes Sir Oliver.—Sir Oliver Martext, you are well
met. Will you dispatch us here under this tree, or
shall we go with you to your chapel?

DUTCH:
Amen! Een man van vreesachtigen aard zou bij deze
onderneming allicht aarzelen, want wij hebben hier geen
tempel dan het woud, geen andere gemeente dan hoornvee.

MORE:
Proverb: He knows no end of his goods (good)

Fearful=Cowardly
Stagger=Falter
Horns=It was a common joke that cuckolds grew horns
Defence=Self-defence
Horn=Used as a weapon
To want=The lack of one
Dispatch=Marry
Compleat:
Fearful=Vreesachtig, vreeslyk, schroomelyk
Stagger=Waggelen, wankelen, doen wankelen
Want=Gebrek

Topics: marriage, respect, loyalty, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms.
Then, the whining school-boy with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then, a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden, and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth. And then, the justice,
In fair round belly, with a good capon lined,
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws, and modern instances,
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

DUTCH:
Heel de wereld is tooneel;
En mannen, vrouwen, allen, enkel spelers.

MORE:
CITED IN IRISH LAW: Ellis v Minister for Justice and Equality & Ors [2019] IESC 30 (15 May 2019)
CITED IN US LAW: Re. the definition of “mewling and puking”: Lett v Texas, 727 SW 2d 367, 371 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987)

“Policies of shutting people away for life or for ages within life, in Shakespeare’s sense, may be appropriate depending on the gravity of the crime”.
Bubble reputation=Empty, pointless reputation. Short-lived fame..
Referred to as The Seven Ages of Man monologue

Reference to the “justice, in fair round belly with good capon lined”: from the North Briton, no. 64: “a justice of peace is a human creature; yet, for half a dozen of chickens, will dispense with the whole dozen of penal statutes. These be the basket-justices…”.

Like furnace=Emitting smoke
Mewling=Feeble crying
Jealous in honour=Quick to feel honour has been slighted
Bubble reputation=Fleeting glory
Pard=Leopard
Pantaloon=Comedy figure of an old man (Italian)
Mere oblivion=Total forgetfulness, mentally blank
Compleat:
Wise saws=Sayings, precepts
Instances=Arguments or examples used in a defence
An old saw (for an old saying)=Een oud zeggen
Furnace=Een oven
Bubble=Waterblaaas, waterbel, beuzeling
Oblivion=Vergeeting, vergeetenheid
Pantaloon=Een Hans=worst, een gek

Burgersdijk notes:
Heel de wereld is tooneel enz. In Sh.’s schouwburg, de Globe, was de spreuk van Petronius (die onder keizer Nero leefde) te lezen: Totus mundus agit histrionem. De gedachte is meermalen uitgesproken, vroeger ook reeds door Sh. zelven in “den Koopman van Venetie”, 1. 1. Men herinnert zich ook Vondels:
„De weerelt is een speeltooneel,
Elk speelt zijn rol en krijght zijn deel.”
In zeven levenstrappen. De verdeeling van het leven in zeven bedrijven is reeds zeer oud en wordt aan Hippocrates toegeschreven; zij is in overeenstemming met het aantal planeten (zon, maan en vijf planeten).
En net geknipten baard. Van de snede, die den rechter past, in tegenstelling met den wilden, niet gekorten krijgsmansbaard.

Topics: still in use, cited in law, life, age/experience, invented or popularised

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Upon a lie seven times removed.— Bear your body more
seeming, Audrey.— As thus, sir: I did dislike the cut of
a certain courtier’s beard. He sent me word if I said
his beard was not cut well, he was in the mind it was.
This is called “the retort courteous.” If I sent him word
again it was not well cut, he would send me word he cut
it to please himself. This is called “the quip modest.”
If again it was not well cut, he disabled my judgment.
This is called “the reply churlish.” If again it was not
well cut, he would answer I spake not true. This is
called “the reproof valiant.” If again it was not well
cut, he would say I lie. This is called “the
countercheck quarrelsome,” and so to “the lie
circumstantial” and “the lie direct.”

DUTCH:
Die allen kunt gij ontduiken,
behalve de rechtstreeksche logenstraffing; en
ook die kunt gij ontduiken, met een „indien”.

MORE:
CITED IN UK LAW: McNally v Snap Heath Ltd [1998] UKEAT 1013_97_2306 (23 June 1998)
‘and had been met, to quote Shakespeare, by the “countercheck quarrelsome”‘.

Topics: law/legal, cited in law, truth, deceit, dispute, language

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
God ‘ield you, sir. I desire you of the like. I press in
here, sir, amongst the rest of the country copulatives,
to swear and to forswear, according as marriage binds
and blood breaks. A poor virgin, sir, an ill-favoured
thing, sir, but mine own. A poor humour of mine, sir, to
take that that no man else will. Rich honesty dwells
like a miser, sir, in a poor house, as your pearl in
your foul oyster.
DUKE SENIOR
By my faith, he is very swift and sententious.
TOUCHSTONE
According to the fool’s bolt, sir, and such dulcet diseases.

DUTCH:
[E]en arm maagdeken, heer, een leelijk schepseltjen, heer, maar van mij.

MORE:
Proverb: A fool’s bolt is soon shot (c. 1225)

God yield you=God bless you
Copulatives=Marrying couples
Swear=Take an oath (of innocence)
Forswear=Break one’s oath
Compleat:
Copulative=Samenvoegend
To swear=Zweeren, beëedigen
To forswear a thing=Zweeren dat iets zo niet is

Burgersdijk notes:
Naar den aard van de stompscherpe narrepijlen. According to the fool’s bolt. Een bolt was van een ronden knobbel aan het eind voorzien. Het antwoord van den nar ziet op het compliment van den hertog: he is very quick; „hij is zeer vlug, zeer gevat.” Men mag er het spreekwoord: A fool’s bolt is soon shot, K. Hendrik V , III. 7. 132 , mee in verband brengen.

Topics: still in use, proverbs and idioms, value, poverty and wealth

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
O worthy fool!— One that hath been a courtier
And says, “If ladies be but young and fair,
They have the gift to know it.” And in his brain,
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage, he hath strange places crammed
With observation, the which he vents
In mangled forms. Oh, that I were a fool!
I am ambitious for a motley coat.
DUKE SENIOR
Thou shalt have one.
JAQUES
It is my only suit
Provided that you weed your better judgements
Of all opinion that grows rank in them
That I am wise. I must have liberty
Withal, as large a charter as the wind,
To blow on whom I please, for so fools have.
And they that are most gallèd with my folly,
They most must laugh. And why, sir, must they so?
The “why” is plain as way to parish church:
He that a fool doth very wisely hit
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the bob. If not,
The wise man’s folly is anatomized
Even by the squand’ring glances of the fool.
Invest me in my motley. Give me leave
To speak my mind, and I will through and through
Cleanse the foul body of th’ infected world,
If they will patiently receive my medicine

DUTCH:
Een noob’le nar! — Hij was weleer een hoov’ling,
En zegt, dat, zijn de vrouwen jong en schoon,
Zij ook de gaaf bezitten van ‘t te weten.
Zijn brein, zoo droog als restjens scheepsbeschuit,
Heeft hij gepropt met vreemde spreuken, vol
Opmerkingsgeest; en geeft die wijsheid lucht,
Verminkt, bij stukjens

MORE:
Proverb: As dry as a biscuit
Proverb: Who is nettled at a jest seems to be in earnest

Remainder biscuit=Dry ship’s biscuit
Observation=Experience
Motley=Multicoloured jester outfit
Suit=Petition
Rank=Wild
Charter=Scope, privilege
Gallèd=Irritated
Senseless=Unaware, not feeling
Wisely=Skilfully, successfully
Bob=A rap, a dry wipe, jibe
Anatomised=Analysed, dissected
Squandering=Random
Glances=Hits
Invest=Dress, clothe
Cleanse=Purge
Compleat:
Observation=Waarneeming, gebruyk, onderhouding, aanmerking
Motley=Een grove gemengelde
Suit=Een verzoek, rechtsgeding
Rank (that shoots too many leaves or branches)=Weelig, dat te veel takken of bladen schiet
To grow rank=Al te weelit groeien
Charter=Handvest, voorrecht
To gall (or vex)=Tergen, verbitteren
Senseless=Gevoeleloos, ongevoelig, zinneloos
Bob=Begekking, boert
To bob=Begekken, bedriegen, loeren, foppen
Anatomize=Opsnyding, ontleeden
Glance=Eventjes raaken
Invest=Omcingelen, inhuldigen; in ‘t bezit stellen; rondom insluiten

Elizabethans believed that the three main organsi were the heart, liver and brain. The brain had to be cool and moist to sleep; someone with a ‘cool and moist’ humour would be able to sleep, unlike a choleric person of hot and dry humour. Dryness was also associated with capacity for learning.

Topics: insult, intellect, reason, fashion/trends, proverbs and idioms, language, authority, wisdom

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
A fool, a fool, I met a fool i’ th’ forest,
A motley fool. A miserable world!
As I do live by food, I met a fool,
Who laid him down and basked him in the sun
And railed on Lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms, and yet a motley fool.
“Good morrow, fool,” quoth I. “No, sir,” quoth he,
“Call me not ‘fool’ till heaven hath sent me fortune.”
And then he drew a dial from his poke
And, looking on it with lackluster eye,
Says very wisely, “It is ten o’clock.
Thus we may see,” quoth he, “how the world wags.
‘Tis but an hour ago since it was nine,
And after one hour more ’twill be eleven.
And so from hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale.” When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time,
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer
That fools should be so deep-contemplative,
And I did laugh sans intermission
An hour by his dial. O noble fool!
A worthy fool! Motley’s the only wear.

DUTCH:
En keek er op met somb’ren, doffen blik

MORE:
Proverb: Thereby hangs (lies) a tale
Proverb: Fortune favours fools

Motley=Multicoloured jester outfit
Set=Composed
Rail=To use reproachful language, to scold in opprobrious terms
Poke=Pouch or pocket
Lacklustre=Lacking radiance, gloss or brightness (Latin lustrare).
Dial=(Fob)watch
Poke=Pouch, pocket
Moral=Moralise
Deep=Profoundly
Chanticleer=Rooster
Compleat:
Motley=Een grove gemengelde
To rail=Schelden
To wag (to move or stir)=Schudden, beweegen
Poke=Zak
Lustre=Luyster
Dial=Wysplaat
To moralize=Een zedelyke uitlegging of toepassing op iets maaken
Deep=Diepzinnig

Topics: proverbs and idioms, still in use, blame, nature, time

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
And what wilt thou do—beg when that is spent? Well, sir, get you in. I will not long be troubled with you. You shall have some part of your will. I pray you leave me.
ORLANDO
I will no further offend you than becomes me for my good.
OLIVER
Get you with him, you old dog.
ADAM
Is “old dog” my reward? Most true, I have lost my teeth in your service. God be with my old master. He would not have spoke such a word.

DUTCH:
En wat wilt gij er mee doen? gaan bedelen, als het
verkwist is? Nu, sinjeur, ga maar binnen, ik wil niet
lang meer last van u hebben, gij zult ten deele uw wil
hebben.

MORE:
Become=To fit, suit. (Becomes me for my good=than I consider necessary)
Offend=Displease, mortify, affront; trespass on
Compleat:
Become=Betaamen
Offend=Misdoen, ergeren, aanstoot geeven, verstoordmaaken, beledigen

Topics: insult, status, work, value, ingratitude

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.5
SPEAKER: Phoebe
CONTEXT:
PHOEBE
But till that time
Come not thou near me. And when that time comes,
Afflict me with thy mocks, pity me not,
As till that time I shall not pity thee.
ROSALIND
And why, I pray you? Who might be your mother,
That you insult, exult, and all at once,
Over the wretched? What though you have no beauty—
As, by my faith, I see no more in you
Than without candle may go dark to bed—
Must you be therefore proud and pitiless?
Why, what means this? Why do you look on me?
I see no more in you than in the ordinary
Of nature’s sale-work.— ‘Od’s my little life,
I think she means to tangle my eyes, too.
—No, faith, proud mistress, hope not after it.
‘Tis not your inky brows, your black silk hair,
Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream
That can entame my spirits to your worship.
—You foolish shepherd, wherefore do you follow her,
Like foggy south puffing with wind and rain?
You are a thousand times a properer man
Than she a woman. ‘Tis such fools as you
That makes the world full of ill-favoured children.
‘Tis not her glass but you that flatters her,
And out of you she sees herself more proper
Than any of her lineaments can show her.
—But, mistress, know yourself. Down on your knees
And thank heaven, fasting, for a good man’s love,
For I must tell you friendly in your ear,
Sell when you can; you are not for all markets.
Cry the man mercy, love him, take his offer.
Foul is most foul, being foul to be a scoffer.
—So take her to thee, shepherd. Fare you well.

DUTCH:
Wijk tot dien tijd
Van mij, blijf verre; en als die tijd eens komt,
Houd dan uw spot niet in, ken geen erbarming,
Maar wacht die vóór dien tijd ook niet van mij.

MORE:
All at once=In one breath
Ordinary=Ordinary run
Sale-work=Ready made retail goods (of inferior quality)
Bugle=Beads, usually black
Wind and rain=Sighs and tears
Properer=More handsome
Tangle=Ensnare
Cry mercy=Take mercy on
Scoffer=Mocker. Scoffer was used for political and religious abuse.
Compleat:
At once=Op een reis, teffens, te gelyk, ten eersten
Ordinary=Gewoonlyk, gemeen
To scoff=Spotten, schimpen. To scoff at=Bespotten beschimpen.
Buggle=Een glaze kraal
Proper=Bequaam, van een bequaame lengte
To tangle=Verwarren
Mercy=Barmhartifheid, genade
To cry mercy=Om genade roepen

Topics: pity, appearance, mercy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
CELIA
Well, the beginning that is dead and buried.
LE BEAU
There comes an old man and his three sons—
CELIA
I could match this beginning with an old tale.
LE BEAU
Three proper young men of excellent growth and presence.
ROSALIND
With bills on their necks: “Be it known unto all men by
these presents.”

DUTCH:
„Allen die dit zien of hooren lezen, saluut !”

MORE:
Standard start to a legal will. “Know all men by these presents” and other legal documents (these presents meaning present writings, these documents presented).

Bills=Legal notices, but specifically wills (Arden)
Compleat:
Bill=Een cedel, geschrift, handschrift, biljet; – een opstel of ontwerp van een wet die in ‘t Parlement gemaakt wordt.
Bill of debt=Een schuldbekentenis, obligatie
Bill of exchange=Een Wisselbrief
Bills of sale=Biljetten van verkoopinge

Topics: law/legal, language, still in use

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Amiens
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Welcome. Fall to. I will not trouble you
As yet to question you about your fortunes.—
Give us some music, and, good cousin, sing.
AMIENS
[sings]Blow, blow, thou winter wind.
Thou art not so unkind
As man’s ingratitude.
Thy tooth is not so keen,
Because thou art not seen,
Although thy breath be rude.
Heigh-ho, sing heigh-ho, unto the green holly.
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly.
Then heigh-ho, the holly.
This life is most jolly.
Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky,
That dost not bite so nigh
As benefits forgot.
Though thou the waters warp,
Thy sting is not so sharp
As friend remembered not.
Heigh-ho, sing heigh-ho, unto the green holly.
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly.
Then heigh-ho, the holly.
This life is most jolly.

DUTCH:
Blaas, blaas, gij winterwind!
Gij zijt niet valsch gezind,
Als menschenondank is;
En daar men nooit u ziet,
Zijt gij zoo schrikk’lijk niet,
Schoon zonder deerenis.

MORE:
Keen=Sharp
Rude=Harsh, rough
Holly=Linked to festivities
Feigning=Pretence, fake
Nigh=Piercing, closely felt
Benefits=Acts of kindness
Compleat:
Keen=Scherp, bits, doordringend
Rude=Ruuw. Rudely (or coarsly)=Groffelyk
Feigning=Verdichting, veynzing
Nigh=Na, naby, dicht
Benefit=Voordeel, weldaad, but, genot, baat

Topics: ingratitude, nature, intellect

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.4
SPEAKER: Corin
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
I prithee, shepherd, if that love or gold
Can in this desert place buy entertainment,
Bring us where we may rest ourselves and feed.
Here’s a young maid with travel much oppressed,
And faints for succor.
CORIN
Fair sir, I pity her
And wish, for her sake more than for mine own,
My fortunes were more able to relieve her.
But I am shepherd to another man
And do not shear the fleeces that I graze.
My master is of churlish disposition
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality.
Besides, his cote, his flocks, and bounds of feed
Are now on sale, and at our sheepcote now,
By reason of his absence, there is nothing
That you will feed on. But what is, come see,
And in my voice most welcome shall you be.
shepherd.
ROSALIND
What is he that shall buy his flock and pasture?

DUTCH:
Maar ik ben scheper in eens anders dienst,
En scheer niet zelf de schapen, die ik hoed;

MORE:
Entertainment=Accommodation
For=For want of
Do not shear the fleeces that I graze=Doesn’t profit from the sheet, except income as a shepherd
Churlish=Rough, violent, brutal
Reck=To take care
Cote=Cottage
Bounds of feed=Pastures growing food
Compleat:
To entertain=Onthaalen, huysvesten, plaats vergunnen
Entertainment=Onthaal
Shear=Scherren
Churlish=Woest, boersch, onbeschoft
Sheep-cote=Schaapen=hok
Pasture=Weyde

Topics: money, poverty and wealth, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.5
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
Nay, I care not for their names. They owe me nothing.
Will you sing?
AMIENS
More at your request than to please myself.
AMIENS
Only because you ask me, not to please myself.
JAQUES
Well then, if ever I thank any man, I’ll thank you.
But that they call “compliment” is like th’ encounter of
two dog-apes. And when a man thanks me heartily,
methinks I have given him a penny and he renders me the
beggarly thanks. Come, sing. And you that will not, hold
your tongues.
AMIENS
Well, I’ll end the song.—Sirs, cover the while; the
duke will drink under this tree.—He hath been all this
day to look you.

DUTCH:
Nu dan, als ik ooit een sterveling bedank, wil ik u
bedanken; maar wat zij complimenten noemen, is als
de ontmoeting van twee bavianen;

MORE:
Names=Punning on signatures in a legal sense (on bonds or lenders’ records)
Dog-apes=Baboons
Beggarly=Fulsome, exaggerated
Look=Look for
Compleat:
To beggar=Berooid maaken, uitputten, tot den bedelzak brengen

Topics: debt/obligation, civility, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.3
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
CELIA
They are but burs, cousin, thrown upon thee in holiday
foolery. If we walk not in the trodden paths our very
petticoats will catch them.
ROSALIND
I could shake them off my coat. These burs are in my
heart.
CELIA
Hem them away.
ROSALIND
I would try, if I could cry “hem” and have him.
CELIA
Come, come, wrestle with thy affections.
ROSALIND
Oh, they take the part of a better wrestler than
myself.
CELIA
Oh, a good wish upon you. You will try in time, in
despite of a fall. But turning these jests out of
service, let us talk in good earnest. Is it possible on
such a sudden you should fall into so strong a liking
with old Sir Rowland’s youngest son?
ROSALIND
The duke my father loved his father dearly.
CELIA
Doth it therefore ensue that you should love his son
dearly? By this kind of chase I should hate him, for my
father hated his father dearly. Yet I hate not Orlando.

DUTCH:
Het zijn maar klissen, nichtjen, uit een zondaagsche dartelheid op u geworpen; als wij niet op de gebaande wegen gaan, vatten onze rokken ze van zelf vast.

MORE:
Burr=Rough head of the burdock
Foolery=Jesting, buffoonery
Coat=Petticoat
Hem=Cough
Compleat:
Burr=Kliskruid
Foolery=Malligheid
Coat=Een rok. Petti-coat=Een vrouwe onderrok
To hem=Rochelen, oprochelen

Topics: emotion and mood, adversity, fate/destiny, love

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
By my faith, he is very swift and sententious.
TOUCHSTONE
According to the fool’s bolt, sir, and such dulcet
diseases.
JAQUES
But for the seventh cause. How did you find the quarrel
on the seventh cause?
TOUCHSTONE
Upon a lie seven times removed.

DUTCH:
Op mijn woord, hij is zeer gevat en spreukrijk

MORE:
Swift=Quick-witted
Sententious=Full of wise sayings
Bolt=Arrow
Dulcet diseases=Sweet faults
Compleat:
As swift as an arrow out of a bow=Zo snel als een pyl uit een boog
Sententious=Zinryk, spreukryk, vol spreuken
To dulcify=Zoet maaken

Topics: intellect, wisdom, dispute

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.1
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
AUDREY
Faith, the priest was good enough, for all the old
gentleman’s saying.
TOUCHSTONE
A most wicked Sir Oliver, Audrey, a most vile Martext.
But, Audrey, there is a youth here in the forest lays
claim to you.
AUDREY
Ay, I know who ’tis. He hath no interest in me in the world.
Here comes the man you mean.
TOUCHSTONE
It is meat and drink to me to see a clown. By my
troth, we that have good wits have much to answer for.
We shall be flouting. We cannot hold.

DUTCH:
Op mijn eer, wij die geest hebben, hebben
veel te verantwoorden, wij moeten voor den gek houden;
wij kunnen het niet laten.

MORE:
Interest in=Claim to
Clown=Bumpkin
Flouting=Mocking
Hold=Refrain
Compleat:
Interest=Belang
Clown=Een plompeboerk, kinkel, kloen
To flout=Bespotten, beschimpen

Topics: intellect, appearance, wisdom

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
I would not have my right Rosalind of this mind, for I
protest her frown might kill me.
ROSALIND
By this hand, it will not kill a fly. But come; now I
will be your Rosalind in a more coming-on disposition,
and ask me what you will, I will grant it.
ORLANDO
Then love me, Rosalind.
ROSALIND
Yes, faith, will I, Fridays and Saturdays and all.
ORLANDO
And wilt thou have me?
ROSALIND
Ay, and twenty such.
ORLANDO
What sayest thou?
ROSALIND
Are you not good?
ORLANDO
I hope so.
ROSALIND
Why then, can one desire too much of a good thing?—
Come, sister, you shall be the priest and marry us.—Give
me your hand, Orlando.—What do you say, sister?

DUTCH:
Welnu, kan men te veel wenschen van iets dat goed
is? — Kom, zuster, gij moet de priester zijn en ons
trouwen. — Geef mij de hand, Orlando. — Wat zegt
gij, zuster?

MORE:
Right=Genuine, true
Coming-on=Complaisant
Disposition=Temperament
Compleat:
Right=(true) Recht, geschikt, gevoeglyk; oprecht, voor de vuist
Disposition of mind=Gesteltenis van gemoed

Topics: emotion and mood, appearance, love

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
CELIA
Cry “holla” to thy tongue, I prithee. It curvets unseasonably. He was furnished like a hunter.
ROSALIND
Oh, ominous! He comes to kill my heart.
CELIA
I would sing my song without a burden. Thou bring’st me out of tune.
ROSALIND
Do you not know I am a woman? When I think, I must speak. Sweet, say on.

DUTCH:
Roep toch Hola !” tot uw tong, want die maakt ontijdig
kromme sprongen.

MORE:
Curvet=Frolic
Unseasonably=At an improper time
Compleat:
Curvet (a certain motion, or gait of a horse)=Corbet, Eenluchtige sprong van een paerd, eerst met de voorste en dan met de agterlyke pooten in de lucht
Curvet=Springen (in the above sense)
Unseasonably=Ontydiglyk, t’ontyde

Topics: language, wisdom

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
A lean cheek, which you have not; a blue eye and
sunken, which you have not; an unquestionable spirit,
which you have not; a beard neglected, which you have
not—but I pardon you for that, for simply your having in
beard is a younger brother’s revenue. Then your hose
should be ungartered, your bonnet unbanded, your sleeve
unbuttoned, your shoe untied, and everything about you
demonstrating a careless desolation. But you are no such
man. You are rather point-device in your accoutrements,
as loving yourself than seeming the lover of any other.
ORLANDO
Fair youth, I would I could make thee believe I love.
ROSALIND
Me believe it? You may as soon make her that you love
believe it, which I warrant she is apter to do than to
confess she does. That is one of the points in the which
women still give the lie to their consciences. But, in
good sooth, are you he that hangs the verses on the
trees wherein Rosalind is so admired?
ORLANDO
I swear to thee, youth, by the white hand of Rosalind,
I am that he, that unfortunate he.
ROSALIND
But are you so much in love as your rhymes speak?
ORLANDO
Neither rhyme nor reason can express how much.
ROSALIND
Love is merely a madness and, I tell you, deserves as
well a dark house and a whip as madmen do, and the
reason why they are not so punished and cured is that
the lunacy is so ordinary that the whippers are in love,
too. Yet I profess curing it by counsel.
ORLANDO
Did you ever cure any so?

DUTCH:
(…) dan moesten uw
hoosbanden loshangen, uw muts zonder kinband zijn,
uw mouw niet dichtgeknoopt, uw schoen niet geregen
zijn, en alles aan u een achtelooze mistroostigheid verraden.

MORE:
Lean=Thin
Your having in beard=The beard that you do have
Hose=Leggings
Careless=Negligent
Desolation=Despair
Point-device=Meticulous
Accoutrement=Outward appearance, dress
Still=Constantly
Dark house and whip=Darkness and the whip was a common treatment (to excise devils) for the insane in Shakespeare’s time (see Comedy of Errors 4.4 and Twelfth Night 4.2)
Compleat:
Lean=Mager, schraal
Hose-garters=Kousebanden
Careless=Zorgeloos, kommerloos, achteloos, onachtzaam
Desolation=Verwoesting, verwoestheyd; mistroostigheyd
To accoutre=Toerusten, opschikken
Still=Steeds, gestadig, altyd

Topics: emotion and mood, appearance, love

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts,
wherein I confess me much guilty to deny so fair and
excellent ladies anything. But let your fair eyes and
gentle wishes go with me to my trial, wherein, if I be
foiled, there is but one shamed that was never gracious;
if killed, but one dead that was willing to be so. I
shall do my friends no wrong, for I have none to lament
me; the world no injury, for in it I have nothing. Only
in the world I fill up a place which may be better
supplied when I have made it empty.
ROSALIND
The little strength that I have, I would it were with
you.
CELIA
And mine, to eke out hers.
ROSALIND
Fare you well. Pray heaven I be deceived in you.

DUTCH:
Vaarwel; de Hemel geve, dat het u beter ga dan ik vrees

MORE:
Foiled=Defeated
Deceived=Misled, mistaken
Compleat:
Foiled=Ter neer gestooten; verfoelyd
You are deceived=Gy vergist u.
Heart’s desire=wat zyn hart begeert

Topics: life, fate/destiny, punishment

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.1
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Now, my co-mates and brothers in exile,
Hath not old custom made this life more sweet
Than that of painted pomp? Are not these woods
More free from peril than the envious court?
Here feel we not the penalty of Adam,
The seasons’ difference, as the icy fang
And churlish chiding of the winter’s wind,
Which, when it bites and blows upon my body,
Even till I shrink with cold, I smile and say,
“This is no flattery. These are counsellors
That feelingly persuade me what I am.”
Sweet are the uses of adversity,
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.
And this our life, exempt from public haunt,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and good in everything.
AMIENS
I would not change it. Happy is your Grace,
That can translate the stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a style.

DUTCH:
Dit leven, vrij van ‘s werelds woelen, vindt
In boomen tongen, spreuken in de sprengen,
In steenen lessen, goeds in ieder ding.

MORE:
Proverb: Adversity makes men wise
Proverb: Full as a toad of poison
Proverb: Custom makes all things easy

“Sermons in Stones” is still in use.
In folklore, poisonous toads had jewels with medcinal properties in their foreheads

Custom=Habit, regular practice
Painted=Specious, feigned, unreal
Pomp=Magnificence, splendour
Feelingly=So as to be felt or leave an impression
Churlish=Rough, violent, brutal
Public haunt=A place much frequented (see also ‘public haunt of men’, Romeo & Juliet 3.1)
Stubbornness=Roughness, harshness
Compleat:
Pomp=Pracht, praal, staatsi
Feelingly=Gevoeliglyk
Haunt=Gewoonte, aanwendsel. He returns to his old haunt=Hij keert weer tot zyne oud nukken.
Churlish=Woest, boersch, onbeschoft
Stubbornness=Hardnekkigheid, hansterrigheid

Burgersdijk notes:
De pad. Van den fabelachtigen steen, die naar het volksgeloof soms in den kop van een pad voorkwam, werd beweerd, dat hij vergif krachteloos maakte en een uitmuntend geneesmiddel was, vooral tegen den steen of het graveel. Fenton schrijft er van in zijne „Secrete Wonders of Nature” (1569):
That there is found in the heades of old and great toades a stone which they call Borax or Stelon: it is most commonly founde in the head of a hee toad, of power to repulse poysons, and that it is a most sovereigne medicine for the stone.

Topics: fate/destiny, adversity, proverbs and idioms, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.3
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
CELIA
I did not then entreat to have her stay.
It was your pleasure and your own remorse.
I was too young that time to value her,
But now I know her. If she be a traitor,
Why so am I. We still have slept together,
Rose at an instant, learned, played, eat together,
And, wheresoe’er we went, like Juno’s swans
Still we went coupled and inseparable.
DUKE FREDERICK
She is too subtle for thee, and her smoothness,
Her very silence and her patience
Speak to the people, and they pity her.
Thou art a fool. She robs thee of thy name,
And thou wilt show more bright and seem more virtuous
When she is gone. Then open not thy lips.
Firm and irrevocable is my doom
Which I have passed upon her. She is banished.
CELIA
Pronounce that sentence then on me, my liege.
I cannot live out of her company.

DUTCH:
Neen, geen enkel woord;
Onwrikbaar, onherroep’lijk is het vonnis,
Dat ik daar sloeg. Zij is en blijft verbannen.

MORE:
Remorse=Compunction; compassion
Still=Always
At an instant=At the same time
Eat=Eaten
Juno=The queen of the gods in Roman mythology, whose chariot was drawn by swans
Name=Reputaiton
Show=Seem
Doom=Judgment
Out of=Without
Compleat:
Remorse=Knaaging, wroeging, berouw
Still=Steeds, gestadig, altyd
At an instant=Opstaandevoet
Name=Een goede naam, goede achting
Show=Vertooning
Doom=Vonnis, oordeel, verwyzing
A heavy doom=een zwaar vonnis

Topics: judgment, mercy, reputation

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
O Jupiter, how weary are my spirits!
TOUCHSTONE
I care not for my spirits, if my legs were not weary.
ROSALIND
I could find in my heart to disgrace my man’s apparel
and to cry like a woman, but I must comfort the weaker
vessel, as doublet and hose ought to show itself
courageous to petticoat. Therefore courage, good Aliena.
CELIA
I pray you bear with me. I cannot go no further.
TOUCHSTONE
For my part, I had rather bear with you than bear you.
Yet I should bear no cross if I did bear you, for I
think you have no money in your purse.

DUTCH:
Wat mij betreft, ik wil liever uw moeheid dan uzelve
verdragen; en toch, als ik u verdroeg, zou ik nog geen
kruisdager wezen; want ik vermoed, dat gij kruis noch
munt in de tasch hebt.

MORE:
Weaker vessel=Woman, wife
Doublet and hose=Male attire (fig. masculinity)
Petticoat=Female attire (fig. femininity)
Cross=(1) Burden, trouble (2) Money, Elizabethan coin stamped with a cross
Compleat:
Vessel=Vat
Petti-coat=Een vrouwe onderrok

Topics: age/experience, life, order/society, work, loyalty

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Oliver
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
Charles, I thank thee for thy love to me, which thou
shalt find I will most kindly requite. I had myself
notice of my brother’s purpose herein and have by
underhand means laboured to dissuade him from it; but he
is resolute. I’ll tell thee, Charles: it is the
stubbornest young fellow of France, full of ambition, an
envious emulator of every man’s good parts, a secret
and villainous contriver against me his natural brother.
Therefore use thy discretion. I had as lief thou didst
break his neck as his finger. And thou wert best look to
’t, for if thou dost him any slight disgrace or if he
do not mightily grace himself on thee, he will practice
against thee by poison, entrap thee by some treacherous
device and never leave thee till he hath ta’en thy life
by some indirect means or other. For I assure thee—and
almost with tears I speak it—there is not one so young
and so villainous this day living. I speak but brotherly
of him, but should I anatomise him to thee as he is, I
must blush and weep, and thou must look pale and wonder.
CHARLES
I am heartily glad I came hither to you. If he come
tomorrow, I’ll give him his payment. If ever he go alone
again, I’ll never wrestle for prize more. And so God
keep your Worship.

DUTCH:
Ik moet u zeggen, Charles, dat hij de koppigste knaap is van geheel Frankrijk, vol eerzucht, vol nijdigen naijver op ieders gaven, een geniepige en boosaardige belager van mij, zijn lijflijken broeder

MORE:
Requite=Reward
Underhand=Unobtrusive, unnoticed
Envious=Jealous; Spiteful, malicious
Emulator=Envier
Parts=Qualities
Contriver=Plotter
As lief=Would be as happy to
Grace himself on thee=Gain honour or credit at your expense
Practice=Plot
Device=Trick
Anatomise=Analyse, dissect
Compleat:
To requite=Vergelden
Underhand=Heimelyk, onder de hand, ter sluik
Envious=Nydig, afgunstig, wangunstig
Emulator=Een na-yveraar
Parts=Deelen, hoedaanigheden, begaafdheden
To contrive=Bedenken, verzinnen
I had as lief=Ik wilde al zo lief
To grace=Vercieren, bevallig maaken
Practice=(underhand dealing, intrigue, plot) Praktyk, bedekten handel, list

Topics: ambition, purpose, conspiracy, deceit, plans/intentions

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
O worthy fool!— One that hath been a courtier
And says, “If ladies be but young and fair,
They have the gift to know it.” And in his brain,
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage, he hath strange places crammed
With observation, the which he vents
In mangled forms. Oh, that I were a fool!
I am ambitious for a motley coat.
DUKE SENIOR
Thou shalt have one.
JAQUES
It is my only suit
Provided that you weed your better judgements
Of all opinion that grows rank in them
That I am wise. I must have liberty
Withal, as large a charter as the wind,
To blow on whom I please, for so fools have.
And they that are most gallèd with my folly,
They most must laugh. And why, sir, must they so?
The “why” is plain as way to parish church:
He that a fool doth very wisely hit
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the bob. If not,
The wise man’s folly is anatomized
Even by the squand’ring glances of the fool.
Invest me in my motley. Give me leave
To speak my mind, and I will through and through
Cleanse the foul body of th’ infected world,
If they will patiently receive my medicine

DUTCH:
Geef mij verlof,
Vrij uit te spreken, en ik zal de wereld,
Hoe voos, bedorven en onrein, doorzuiv’ren,
Als zij mijn midd’len maar geduldig neemt.

MORE:
Proverb: As dry as a biscuit
Proverb: Who is nettled at a jest seems to be in earnest

Remainder biscuit=Dry ship’s biscuit
Observation=Experience
Motley=Multicoloured jester outfit
Suit=Petition
Rank=Wild
Charter=Scope, privilege
Gallèd=Irritated
Senseless=Unaware, not feeling
Wisely=Skilfully, successfully
Bob=A rap, a dry wipe, jibe
Anatomised=Analysed, dissected
Squandering=Random
Glances=Hits
Invest=Dress, clothe
Cleanse=Purge
Compleat:
Observation=Waarneeming, gebruyk, onderhouding, aanmerking
Motley=Een grove gemengelde
Suit=Een verzoek, rechtsgeding
Rank (that shoots too many leaves or branches)=Weelig, dat te veel takken of bladen schiet
To grow rank=Al te weelit groeien
Charter=Handvest, voorrecht
To gall (or vex)=Tergen, verbitteren
Senseless=Gevoeleloos, ongevoelig, zinneloos
Bob=Begekking, boert
To bob=Begekken, bedriegen, loeren, foppen
Anatomize=Opsnyding, ontleeden
Glance=Eventjes raaken
Invest=Omcingelen, inhuldigen; in ‘t bezit stellen; rondom insluiten

Elizabethans believed that the three main organsi were the heart, liver and brain. The brain had to be cool and moist to sleep; someone with a ‘cool and moist’ humour would be able to sleep, unlike a choleric person of hot and dry humour. Dryness was also associated with capacity for learning.

Topics: insult, intellect, reason, fashion/trends, proverbs and idioms, language, authority, wisdom

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.4
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Go find him out,
And we will nothing waste till you return.
ORLANDO
I thank you; and be blessed for your good comfort.
DUKE SENIOR
Thou seest we are not all alone unhappy.
This wide and universal theater
Presents more woeful pageants than the scene
Wherein we play in.

DUTCH:
Ga hem halen,
En wij ook eten niets, totdat gij keert.

MORE:
Find out=Find
Waste=Consume
Comfort=Care, hospitality
Unhappy=Unlucky
Pageant=Spectacle, show
Compleat:
To waste=Verwoesten, verquisten, verteeren, vernielen, doorbrengen
Comfort=Vertroosting, troost, verquikking, vermaak, verneugte
Unhappy=Ongelukkig, rampzalig, rampspoedig
Pageant=een Triomfhoog, triomfwagen; schijn

Topics: patience, civility, friendship

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Corin
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Such a one is a natural philosopher. Wast ever in court, shepherd?
CORIN
No, truly.
TOUCHSTONE
Then thou art damned.
CORIN
Nay, I hope.
TOUCHSTONE
Truly, thou art damned, like an ill-roasted egg, all on one side.
CORIN
For not being at court? Your reason.
TOUCHSTONE
Why, if thou never wast at court, thou never sawest good manners; if thou never sawest good manners, then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation. Thou art in a parlous state, shepherd.
CORIN
Not a whit, Touchstone: those that are good manners at the court are as ridiculous in the country as the behavior of the country is most mockable at the court. You told me you salute not at the court but you kiss your hands. That courtesy would be uncleanly if courtiers were shepherds.
TOUCHSTONE
Instance, briefly. Come, instance.

DUTCH:
Volstrekt niet, Toetssteen; want wat aan het hof goede
gedragingen zijn, is even belachlijk op het land, als de
manieren van het land bespottelijk zijn aan het hof.

MORE:
Wast=Wast thou
Ill-roasted=Unevenly cooked
Manners=Polite behaviour, morals
Parlous=Perilous, in danger
Behaviour=Conduct
Compleat:
Over-roasted=Al te lang gebraaden
Thou wast=Gy waart
Manners=Zeden, manieren, manierlykheid
Parlous=Gevaarlyk, loos; Onvergelykelyk, weergaloos
Behaviour=Gedrag, handel en wandel, ommegang, aanstelling

Topics: order/society, civility, status

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.1
SPEAKER: Amiens
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Now, my co-mates and brothers in exile,
Hath not old custom made this life more sweet
Than that of painted pomp? Are not these woods
More free from peril than the envious court?
Here feel we not the penalty of Adam,
The seasons’ difference, as the icy fang
And churlish chiding of the winter’s wind,
Which, when it bites and blows upon my body,
Even till I shrink with cold, I smile and say,
“This is no flattery. These are counsellors
That feelingly persuade me what I am.”
Sweet are the uses of adversity,
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.
And this our life, exempt from public haunt,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and good in everything.
AMIENS
I would not change it. Happy is your Grace,
That can translate the stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a style.

DUTCH:
t Is u een groote zegen,
Mijn vorst, in ‘t harde vonnis van Fortuin
Een zin, zoo zacht en zoet, te kunnen lezen.

MORE:
Proverb: Adversity makes men wise
Proverb: Full as a toad of poison
Proverb: Custom makes all things easy

“Sermons in Stones” is still in use.
In folklore, poisonous toads had jewels with medcinal properties in their foreheads

Custom=Habit, regular practice
Painted=Specious, feigned, unreal
Pomp=Magnificence, splendour
Feelingly=So as to be felt or leave an impression
Churlish=Rough, violent, brutal
Public haunt=A place much frequented (see also ‘public haunt of men’, Romeo & Juliet 3.1)
Stubbornness=Roughness, harshness
Compleat:
Pomp=Pracht, praal, staatsi
Feelingly=Gevoeliglyk
Haunt=Gewoonte, aanwendsel. He returns to his old haunt=Hij keert weer tot zyne oud nukken.
Churlish=Woest, boersch, onbeschoft
Stubbornness=Hardnekkigheid, hansterrigheid

Burgersdijk notes:
De pad. Van den fabelachtigen steen, die naar het volksgeloof soms in den kop van een pad voorkwam, werd beweerd, dat hij vergif krachteloos maakte en een uitmuntend geneesmiddel was, vooral tegen den steen of het graveel. Fenton schrijft er van in zijne „Secrete Wonders of Nature” (1569):
That there is found in the heades of old and great toades a stone which they call Borax or Stelon: it is most commonly founde in the head of a hee toad, of power to repulse poysons, and that it is a most sovereigne medicine for the stone.

Topics: fate/destiny, adversity, proverbs and idioms, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.1
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Now, my co-mates and brothers in exile,
Hath not old custom made this life more sweet
Than that of painted pomp? Are not these woods
More free from peril than the envious court?
Here feel we not the penalty of Adam,
The seasons’ difference, as the icy fang
And churlish chiding of the winter’s wind,
Which, when it bites and blows upon my body,
Even till I shrink with cold, I smile and say,
“This is no flattery. These are counsellors
That feelingly persuade me what I am.”
Sweet are the uses of adversity,
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.
And this our life, exempt from public haunt,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and good in everything.
AMIENS
I would not change it. Happy is your Grace,
That can translate the stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a style.

DUTCH:
Maakt niet gewoonte reeds dit leven zoeter
Dan dat van glimp en praal?

MORE:
Proverb: Adversity makes men wise
Proverb: Full as a toad of poison
Proverb: Custom makes all things easy

“Sermons in Stones” is still in use.
In folklore, poisonous toads had jewels with medcinal properties in their foreheads

Custom=Habit, regular practice
Painted=Specious, feigned, unreal
Pomp=Magnificence, splendour
Feelingly=So as to be felt or leave an impression
Churlish=Rough, violent, brutal
Public haunt=A place much frequented (see also ‘public haunt of men’, Romeo & Juliet 3.1)
Stubbornness=Roughness, harshness
Compleat:
Pomp=Pracht, praal, staatsi
Feelingly=Gevoeliglyk
Haunt=Gewoonte, aanwendsel. He returns to his old haunt=Hij keert weer tot zyne oud nukken.
Churlish=Woest, boersch, onbeschoft
Stubbornness=Hardnekkigheid, hansterrigheid

Burgersdijk notes:
De pad. Van den fabelachtigen steen, die naar het volksgeloof soms in den kop van een pad voorkwam, werd beweerd, dat hij vergif krachteloos maakte en een uitmuntend geneesmiddel was, vooral tegen den steen of het graveel. Fenton schrijft er van in zijne „Secrete Wonders of Nature” (1569):
That there is found in the heades of old and great toades a stone which they call Borax or Stelon: it is most commonly founde in the head of a hee toad, of power to repulse poysons, and that it is a most sovereigne medicine for the stone.

Topics: fate/destiny, adversity, proverbs and idioms, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Corin
CONTEXT:
CORIN
And how like you this shepherd’s life, Master
Touchstone?
TOUCHSTONE
Truly, shepherd, in respect of itself, it is a good
life; but in respect that it is a shepherd’s life, it is
naught. In respect that it is solitary, I like it very
well; but in respect that it is private, it is a very
vile life. Now in respect it is in the fields, it
pleaseth me well; but in respect it is not in the court,
it is tedious. As it is a spare life, look you, it fits
my humor well; but as there is no more plenty in it, it
goes much against my stomach. Hast any philosophy in
thee, shepherd?
CORIN
No more but that I know the more one sickens, the worse
at ease he is, and that he that wants money, means, and
content is without three good friends; that the
property of rain is to wet, and fire to burn; that good
pasture makes fat sheep; and that a great cause of the
night is lack of the sun; that he that hath learned no
wit by nature nor art may complain of good breeding or
comes of a very dull kindred.

DUTCH:
Niet meer, dan dat ik weet, dat iemand, hoe zieker hij is, zich minder pleizierig voelt; en dat wie geen geld, geen goed en geen tevredenheid heeft, drie goede vrienden minder heeft.

MORE:
Naught=Worthless
Solitary=Contemplative
Private=Deprived of company, lonely
Vile=Base, bad, abject (contemptuous)
Spare=Frugal
Stomach=Inclination (appetite)
No more but=Only
Property=Innate character
Wit=Understanding
Compleat:
Naught=Ondeugend (deugt niet); niet
Solitary=Eenig, heimelyk, afzonderlyk. Eenzaam, stil.
Private=Afgezonderd, geheim, byzonder, gemeen, ampteloos
Vile=Slecht, gering, verachtelyk, eerloos
Spare=Dun, mager
Stomach=Trek (appetite); hart (spirit)
Property=Eigenschap, natuurlyke hoedaanigheid
Wit (understanding)=Vinding, schranderheid, verstand

Topics: order/society, intellect, money, poverty and wealth, nature, understanding

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
Is not this a rare fellow, my lord? He’s as good at anything
and yet a fool.
DUKE SENIOR
He uses his folly like a stalking-horse, and under the presentation
of that he shoots his wit.
HYMEN
Then is there mirth in heaven
When earthly things, made even,
Atone together.

DUTCH:
Hij gebruikt zijn narrerij als een vogelaar zijn paard, en schuilt er achter om zijn pijlen af te schieten.

MORE:
Stalking horse=Horse used as a hide (hunting)
Presentation=Appearance
Compleat:
Stalking horse=Een jachtpaerd
Atone=Verzoeen, bevreedigen

Burgersdijk notes:
Als een vogelaar zijn paard. Like a stalking-horse. Een echt, opgezet, houten of geschilderd paard, waarachter de vogelaar wegschool; zoo schiet ook de nar zijn geest (his wit) af.

Topics: intellect, skill/talent, appearance

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
My lord, the first time that I ever saw him
Methought he was a brother to your daughter.
But, my good lord, this boy is forest-born
And hath been tutored in the rudiments
Of many desperate studies by his uncle,
Whom he reports to be a great magician
Obscurèd in the circle of this forest.
JAQUES
There is sure another flood toward, and these couples
are coming to the ark. Here comes a pair of very strange
beasts, which in all tongues are called fools.
TOUCHSTONE
Salutation and greeting to you all.
JAQUES
Good my lord, bid him welcome. This is the
motley-minded gentleman that I have so often met in the
forest. He hath been a courtier, he swears.

DUTCH:
Daar komt een paar zeer vreemde beesten aan, die in alle talen den naam van narren dragen.

MORE:
Desperate=Dangerous
Obscurèd=Hidden
Toward=Near at hand, on its way
Motley-minded=As confused as the jester’s costume
Compleat:
Obscured=Verdonkerd, verduisterd
Toward=Na toe
Motley=Een grove gemengelde

Topics: appearance, reputation, language, intellect

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
By my faith, he is very swift and sententious.
TOUCHSTONE
According to the fool’s bolt, sir, and such dulcet
diseases.
JAQUES
But for the seventh cause. How did you find the quarrel
on the seventh cause?
TOUCHSTONE
Upon a lie seven times removed.

DUTCH:
Maar nu die zevende graad, hoe bevondt gij het geschil tot den zevenden graad?
– Door een logenstraffing, zevenmaal herhaald.

MORE:
Swift=Quick-witted
Sententious=Full of wise sayings
Bolt=Arrow
Dulcet diseases=Sweet faults
Compleat:
As swift as an arrow out of a bow=Zo snel als een pyl uit een boog
Sententious=Zinryk, spreukryk, vol spreuken
To dulcify=Zoet maaken

Topics: intellect, wisdom, dispute

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Indeed, there is Fortune too hard for Nature, when
Fortune makes Nature’s natural the cutter-off of
Nature’s wit.
CELIA
Peradventure this is not Fortune’s work neither, but
Nature’s, who perceiveth our natural wits too dull to
reason of such goddesses, and hath sent this natural for
our whetstone, for always the dullness of the fool is
the whetstone of the wits. How now, wit, whither wander
you?
TOUCHSTONE
Mistress, you must come away to your father.
CELIA
Were you made the messenger?
TOUCHSTONE
No, by mine honor, but I was bid to come for you.

DUTCH:
Zeg eens, Wijsheid, waarheen zijt gij op den loop?

MORE:
Peradventure=Perhaps
Reason=Debate, speak of
Natural=Idiot (name for fools and clowns)
Dullness=Stupidity, bluntness
Wit, whither wander you=Saying use for those who talk without thinking
Compleat:
Peradventure=Bygeval, misschien
To whet a knife=een Mes wetten (of slypen)
Whet-stone=een Wetsteen, Slypsteen
Whetted=Gewet, gesleepen, scherp gemaakt
A natural fool=Een geboren gek
Dullness=Botheyd, stompheyd, domheyd, loomheyd, dofheyd, vadsigheyd

Topics: fate/destiny, intellect, nature

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
No, by mine honour, but I was bid to come for you.
ROSALIND
Where learned you that oath, fool?
TOUCHSTONE
Of a certain knight that swore by his honour they were good pancakes, and swore by his honour the mustard was naught. Now, I’ll stand to it, the pancakes were naught and the mustard was good, and yet was not the knight forsworn.
CELIA
How prove you that in the great heap of your knowledge?
ROSALIND
Ay, marry, now unmuzzle your wisdom.
TOUCHSTONE
Stand you both forth now: stroke your chins and swear by your beards that I am a knave.
CELIA
By our beards (if we had them), thou art.
TOUCHSTONE
By my knavery (if I had it), then I were. But if you
swear by that that is not, you are not forsworn. No more
was this knight swearing by his honour, for he never had
any; or if he had, he had sworn it away before ever he
saw those pancakes or that mustard.

DUTCH:
Hoe kunt gij dit uit den rijken schat van uw geleerdheid bewijzen ?

MORE:
Stand to=Swear to; to maintain, affirm
Naught=Worthless
To forswear=To swear falsely, commit perjury
Unmuzzle=Free from restraint
Compleat:
Stand to=To side with, to assist, to support; to maintain, to guard, to be firm in the cause of
To forswear one’s self=Eenen valschen eed doen, meyneedig zyn
To forswear a thing=Zweeren dat iets zo niet is
Muzzled=Gemuilband
Nought=Niets, niet met al

Topics: honour, promise, evidence, intellect, wisdom

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.3
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Truly, young gentlemen, though there was no great
matter in the ditty, yet the note was very untunable.
FIRST PAGE
You are deceived, sir.
We kept time. We lost not our time.
TOUCHSTONE
By my troth, yes. I count it but time lost to hear such
a foolish song. God be wi’ you, and God mend your
voices.— Come, Audrey.

DUTCH:
Neen, waarachtig, het is zoo; en ik kon ook wel beter acht slaan op mijn tijd, in plaats van naar zulk een mal liedjen te luisteren. Nu, God zegene u en verbetere uw stemmen!

MORE:
Untunable=Unharmonious, discordant
Compleat:
Untunable=Misluydend

Burgersdijk notes:
Zet u tusschen ons in. In ‘t Engelsch staat: sit i’ the middle. Zeker is dit wel een toespeling op het oud Engelsch zeggen: Hey diddle diddle, fool in the middle.

Topics: time, deceit

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
A fool, a fool, I met a fool i’ th’ forest,
A motley fool. A miserable world!
As I do live by food, I met a fool,
Who laid him down and basked him in the sun
And railed on Lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms, and yet a motley fool.
“Good morrow, fool,” quoth I. “No, sir,” quoth he,
“Call me not ‘fool’ till heaven hath sent me fortune.”
And then he drew a dial from his poke
And, looking on it with lackluster eye,
Says very wisely, “It is ten o’clock.
Thus we may see,” quoth he, “how the world wags.
‘Tis but an hour ago since it was nine,
And after one hour more ’twill be eleven.
And so from hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale.” When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time,
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer
That fools should be so deep-contemplative,
And I did laugh sans intermission
An hour by his dial. O noble fool!
A worthy fool! Motley’s the only wear.

DUTCH:
Toen die nar
Zoo tijdsbespiegelingen hield, begonnen
Mijn longen luid te kraaien als een haan,
Dat narren soms zoo diepe denkers zijn;
En ‘k lachte, lachte, lachte, op ‘t uurwerk af,
Wel ruim een uur.

MORE:
Proverb: Thereby hangs (lies) a tale
Proverb: Fortune favours fools

Motley=Multicoloured jester outfit
Set=Composed
Rail=To use reproachful language, to scold in opprobrious terms
Poke=Pouch or pocket
Lacklustre=Lacking radiance, gloss or brightness (Latin lustrare).
Dial=(Fob)watch
Poke=Pouch, pocket
Moral=Moralise
Deep=Profoundly
Chanticleer=Rooster
Compleat:
Motley=Een grove gemengelde
To rail=Schelden
To wag (to move or stir)=Schudden, beweegen
Poke=Zak
Lustre=Luyster
Dial=Wysplaat
To moralize=Een zedelyke uitlegging of toepassing op iets maaken
Deep=Diepzinnig

Topics: proverbs and idioms, still in use, blame, nature, time

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
‘Tis he. Slink by, and note him.
JAQUES
I thank you for your company, but, good faith, I had as
lief have been myself alone.
ORLANDO
And so had I, but yet, for fashion’ sake, I thank you
too for your society.
JAQUES
God be wi’ you. Let’s meet as little as we can.
ORLANDO
I do desire we may be better strangers.
JAQUES
I pray you mar no more trees with writing love songs in
their barks.
ORLANDO
I pray you mar no more of my verses with reading them
ill-favouredly.

DUTCH:
Ik hoop, dat wij meer en meer van elkaar vervreemden

MORE:
I pray you mar no more of my verses “by reading them ill-favouredly”. See Sir John Harington’s Epigrams (1618)
‘Sextus, an ill reader’:
‘For shame poynt better, and pronounce it cleerer,
Or be no Reader, Sextus, be a Hearer’.
( Poynt=punctuate)

As lief=Just as soon, happily
For fashion sake=For appearance’ sake
Ill-favouredly=Badly, unsympathetically
Compleat:
I had as lief=Ik wilde al zo lief
Ill-favoured=Leelyk, afschuwelyk

Topics: insult, relationship, civility

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.3
SPEAKER: Oliver
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
‘Twas I, but ’tis not I. I do not shame
To tell you what I was, since my conversion
So sweetly tastes, being the thing I am.
ROSALIND
But for the bloody napkin?
OLIVER
By and by.
When from the first to last betwixt us two
Tears our recountments had most kindly bathed—
As how I came into that desert place—
In brief, he led me to the gentle duke,
Who gave me fresh array and entertainment,
Committing me unto my brother’s love,
Who led me instantly unto his cave,
There stripped himself, and here upon his arm
The lioness had torn some flesh away,
Which all this while had bled. And now he fainted,
And cried in fainting upon Rosalind.
Brief, I recovered him, bound up his wound,
And after some small space, being strong at heart,
He sent me hither, stranger as I am,
To tell this story, that you might excuse
His broken promise, and to give this napkin
Dyed in his blood unto the shepherd youth
That he in sport doth call his Rosalind.

DUTCH:
Ik was ‘t, doch ben ‘t niet meer. Ik schaam mij niet,
Te zeggen wat ik was, daar mijn bekeering
Zoo zoet mij is, nu ik een ander ben.

MORE:
Do not shame=Am not ashamed
By and by=In a moment
Recountments=Accounts, narratives
Entertainment=Hospitality
Recovered=Revived
In sport=In jest
Compleat:
Shame=Beschaamen, beschaamd maaken, schande aandoen
By and by=Zo aanstonds, op ‘t oogenblik
To recount=Verhaalen
Entertainment=Huysvesting, onderhoud
To recover=Weder bekomen, weer krygen, weer opkomen
To make sport=Lachen, speelen

Topics: guilt, promise, mercy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
I have neither the scholar’s melancholy, which is
emulation; nor the musician’s, which is fantastical; nor
the courtier’s, which is proud; nor the soldier’s,
which is ambitious; nor the lawyer’s, which is politic;
nor the lady’s, which is nice; nor the lover’s, which is
all these, but it is a melancholy of mine own,
compounded of many simples, extracted from many objects,
and indeed the sundry contemplation of my travels, in
which my often rumination wraps me in a most humorous
sadness.
ROSALIND
A traveler. By my faith, you have great reason to be
sad. I fear you have sold your own lands to see other
men’s. Then to have seen much and to have nothing is to
have rich eyes and poor hands.
JAQUES
Yes, I have gained my experience.
ROSALIND
And your experience makes you sad. I had rather have a
fool to make me merry than experience to make me sad—and
to travel for it, too.

DUTCH:
Ik heb noch de melancholie van den geleerde, die niets
dan naijver is, noch die van den musicus, die phantastisch, noch die van den hoveling, die trotsch, noch die van den soldaat, die roemgierig, noch die van den jurist, die staatzuchtig …is;

MORE:
Emulation=Rivalry; jealousy, envy, envious contention
Fantastical=Indulging the vagaries of imagination, capricious, whimsical
Politic=Prudent, wise, artful, cunning
Humorous=Sad
Compleat:
Emulation=Haayver, volgzucht, afgunst
Fantastical=Byzinnig, eigenzinnig, grilziek
Politick (or cunning)=Slim, schrander, doorsleepen

Topics: life, nature, skill/talent, identityemotion and mood

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Marry, to say she came to seek you there. You shall
never take her without her answer unless you take her
without her tongue. Oh, that woman that cannot make her
fault her husband’s occasion, let her never nurse her
child herself, for she will breed it like a fool.
ORLANDO
For these two hours, Rosalind, I will leave thee.
ROSALIND
Alas, dear love, I cannot lack thee two hours.
ORLANDO
I must attend the duke at dinner. By two o’clock I will
be with thee again.
ROSALIND
Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you would
prove. My friends told me as much, and I thought no
less. That flattering tongue of yours won me. ‘Tis but
one cast away, and so, come, death. Two o’clock is your
hour?

DUTCH:
Nu, ga dan, ga dan! — Ik heb het wel van u voorzien;
mijn vrienden hebben er mij wel voor gewaarschuwd
en ikzelf heb het ook wel gedacht; — die vleitong
van u heeft mij overgehaald;

MORE:
Occasion=Opportunity (to blame her husband for her own fault)
Lack=Be without
Attend=Accompany
Go your ways=Go on
Prove=Turn out to be
Compleat:
Occasion=Gelegenheyd, voorval, oorzaak, nood
To attend=Opwachten, verzellen

Topics: fate/destiny, flattery, persuasion

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
I can live no longer by thinking.
ROSALIND
I will weary you then no longer with idle talking. Know
of me then—for now I speak to some purpose—that I know
you are a gentleman of good conceit. I speak not this
that you should bear a good opinion of my knowledge,
insomuch I say I know you are. Neither do I labour for a
greater esteem than may in some little measure draw a
belief from you to do yourself good, and not to grace
me. Believe then, if you please, that I can do strange
things. I have, since I was three year old, conversed
with a magician, most profound in his art and yet not
damnable. If you do love Rosalind so near the heart as
your gesture cries it out, when your brother marries
Aliena shall you marry her. I know into what straits of
fortune she is driven, and it is not impossible to me,
if it appear not inconvenient to you, to set her before
your eyes tomorrow, human as she is, and without any
danger.
ORLANDO
Speak’st thou in sober meanings?

DUTCH:
Dan wil ik u niet langer met ijdele praatjens vermoeien. Verneem dus van mij, — want nu spreek ik niet zonder bedoeling, — dat ik u ken als een edelman van goed begrip.

MORE:
Conceit=Extraction, birth
That=So that
Conversed=Associated
Grace me=Improve my own reputation
Damnable=Wicked
Gesture=Behaviour
Straits of fortune=Situation
In sober meanings=Serious
Compleat:
Conversed=Verkeerd, omgegaan
To grace=Vercieren, bevallig maaken
Damnable=Verfoeijelyk, verdoemelyk
Gesture=Gebaar, gelaat, aanstelling
Sober= (temperate, modest, wise, staid, grave) Sober, maatig, zedig, wys, deftig

Topics: status, reputation, integrity

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.4
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
I pray thee, if it stand with honesty,
Buy thou the cottage, pasture, and the flock,
And thou shalt have to pay for it of us.
CELIA
And we will mend thy wages. I like this place,
And willingly could waste my time in it.
CORIN
Assuredly the thing is to be sold.
Go with me. If you like upon report
The soil, the profit, and this kind of life,
I will your very faithful feeder be
And buy it with your gold right suddenly.

DUTCH:
En hooger loon. Dit oord bevalt mij goed,
En gaarne wil ik hier mijn leven slijten.

MORE:
Stand with=Consistent with
To pay=Money to pay
Mend=Improve
Waste=Spend
Feeder=Servant
Compleat:
Mend=Beteren, verbeteren
To waste=Verwoesten, verquisten, verteeren, vernielen, doorbrengen
Feeder=Een voeder, spyzer, weyder, eeter

Topics: honesty, money, loyalty, work, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.5
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
PHOEBE
Sweet youth, I pray you chide a year together.
I had rather hear you chide than this man woo.
PHOEBE
Sweet youth, please keep scorning me all year long. I would
rather hear your scolding than this man’s wooing.
ROSALIND
He’s fall’n in love with your foulness.
And she’ll fall in love with my anger. If it be so, as
fast as she answers thee with frowning looks, I’ll sauce
her with bitter words.
– Why look you so upon me?
PHOEBE
For no ill will I bear you.
ROSALIND
I pray you, do not fall in love with me,
For I am falser than vows made in wine.
Besides, I like you not. If you will know my house,
‘Tis at the tuft of olives, here hard by.
—Will you go, sister?— Shepherd, ply her hard.
—Come, sister.— Shepherdess, look on him better,
And be not proud. Though all the world could see,
None could be so abused in sight as he.
—Come, to our flock.

DUTCH:
Ik bid u, word toch niet op mij verliefd;
Want valscher ben ‘k, dan eeden bij de wijnkan;
En voorts, ik mag u niet.

MORE:
Chide=Rebuke, scold
Foulness=Ugliness
Sauce=Sharply rebuke
In wine=When drunk
Tuft of olives=Olive grove
Compleat:
Chide=Kyven, bekyven
Foulness=Vuilheid, slordigheid, vervuildheid; leelykheid; schandelykheid
Tuft=Een bos, kuif

Topics: deceit, appearance, truth, honesty

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.1
SPEAKER: Duke Frederick
CONTEXT:
DUKE FREDERICK
Not see him since? Sir, sir, that cannot be.
But were I not the better part made mercy,
I should not seek an absent argument
Of my revenge, thou present. But look to it:
Find out thy brother, wheresoe’er he is.
Seek him with candle. Bring him, dead or living,
Within this twelvemonth or turn thou no more
To seek a living in our territory.
Thy lands and all things that thou dost call thine
Worth seizure, do we seize into our hands
Till thou canst quit thee by thy brother’s mouth
Of what we think against thee.
OLIVER
Oh, that your Highness knew my heart in this:
I never loved my brother in my life.
DUKE FREDERICK
More villain thou.— Well, push him out of doors
And let my officers of such a nature
Make an extent upon his house and lands.
Do this expediently, and turn him going.

DUTCH:
Sinds niet gezien? Heer, heer, dit kan niet zijn;
Was ‘t meeste van mijn wezen niet genade,
Dan zocht mijn wraak zich niet veraf een doel,
Nu gij in mijn bereik zijt.

MORE:
Made=Composed of
Argument=Subject
Seek him with candle=Look everywhere
Turn=Return
Quit=Acquit
Of such a nature=Appropriate
Extent=Writ of seizure
Expediently=Expeditiously
Compleat:
Made=Gemaakt
Argument=Bewys, bewysreden, dringreden; kort begrip der zaak die te bewyzen staat; inhoud
To turn=Draaien, keeren, wenden
To quit=Verschoonen, ontslaan
Expedient=Nuttelyk, dienstig, vorderlyk, noodig

Topics: poverty and wealth, revenge, mercy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.3
SPEAKER: Adam
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
O good old man, how well in thee appears
The constant service of the antique world,
When service sweat for duty, not for meed.
Thou art not for the fashion of these times,
Where none will sweat but for promotion,
And having that do choke their service up
Even with the having. It is not so with thee.
But, poor old man, thou prun’st a rotten tree
That cannot so much as a blossom yield
In lieu of all thy pains and husbandry.
But come thy ways. We’ll go along together,
And ere we have thy youthful wages spent,
We’ll light upon some settled low content.
ADAM
Master, go on, and I will follow thee
To the last gasp, with truth and loyalty.
From seventeen years till now almost fourscore
Here livèd I, but now live here no more.
At seventeen years, many their fortunes seek,
But at fourscore, it is too late a week.
Yet fortune cannot recompense me better
Than to die well, and not my master’s debtor.

DUTCH:
Ik volg u, meester; ga slechts voor en bouw
Tot aan mijn jongsten snik vast op mijn trouw.

MORE:
Constant=Faithful
Antic=Ancient; (O. Edd. promiscuously antick and antique, but always accented on the first syllable), adj. belonging to the times, or resembling the manners of antiquity
Sweat=Toil, labour
Constant=Faithful
Choke up (Reflectively)=Oppress, make away with, kill; Stop, cease
Low content=Humble contentment
Meed=Reward, recompense, hire
Compleat:
Meed=Belooning, vergelding, verdiensten
Constant=Standvastig, bestending, gestadig
To choke=Verstkken, verwurgen
Contentment=Vergenoeging, vergenoegdheyd, voldoening

Topics: truth, loyalty, work, age/experience, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
And what wilt thou do—beg when that is spent? Well, sir, get you in. I will not long be troubled with you. You shall have some part of your will. I pray you leave me.
ORLANDO
I will no further offend you than becomes me for my good.
OLIVER
Get you with him, you old dog.
ADAM
Is “old dog” my reward? Most true, I have lost my teeth in your service. God be with my old master. He would not have spoke such a word.

DUTCH:
Ik zal u niet langer lastig vallen, dan in mijn belang
noodzakelijk is.

MORE:
Become=To fit, suit. (Becomes me for my good=than I consider necessary)
Offend=Displease, mortify, affront; trespass on
Compleat:
Become=Betaamen
Offend=Misdoen, ergeren, aanstoot geeven, verstoordmaaken, beledigen

Topics: insult, status, work, value, ingratitude

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you would
prove. My friends told me as much, and I thought no
less. That flattering tongue of yours won me. ‘Tis but
one cast away, and so, come, death. Two o’clock is your
hour?
ORLANDO
Ay, sweet Rosalind.
ROSALIND
By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend me,
and by all pretty oaths that are not dangerous, if you
break one jot of your promise or come one minute behind
your hour, I will think you the most pathetical
break-promise and the most hollow lover and the most
unworthy of her you call Rosalind that may be chosen out
of the gross band of the unfaithful. Therefore beware
my censure, and keep your promise.

DUTCH:
Bij mijn eer en trouw, en in allen ernst, en zoo waar de Hemel mij bijsta, en bij alle kleine eeden, die niet gevaarlijk zijn, als gij een tittel van uw beloften breekt, of één minuut over uw uur komt, dan acht ik u den meest snoevenden eedverkrachter;

MORE:
Go your ways=Go on
So God mend me=A mild oath
Behind your hour=Late
Pathetical=Pathetic (wretched and deplorable)
Gross=Entire
Compleat:
Pathetical=Beweegelyk, hartroerend, zielroerend
Gross=Gros

Topics: debt/obligation, time, contract, duty, promise

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
Good my lord, bid him welcome. This is the
motley-minded gentleman that I have so often met in the
forest. He hath been a courtier, he swears.
TOUCHSTONE
If any man doubt that, let him put me to my purgation.
I have trod a measure. I have flattered a lady. I have
been politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy. I
have undone three tailors. I have had four quarrels, and
like to have fought one.
JAQUES
And how was that ta’en up?
TOUCHSTONE
Faith, we met and found the quarrel was upon the
seventh cause.
JAQUES
How “seventh cause?”—Good my lord, like this fellow.

DUTCH:
Als iemand dit in twijfel trekt, laat hem een gerechtelijken
zuiveringseed van mij vergen

MORE:
Motley-minded=As confused as the jester’s costume
Purgation=Clearing from imputation of guilt, exculpation. Used in theology (Purgatory and declaration of innocence oath) and as a legal term of proving of innocence
Trod a measure=Taken part in a dance
Politic=Diplomatic
Undone=Ruined, bankrupted
Quarrels=Serious disputes
Like=Came near to
Compleat:
Motley=Een grove gemengelde
Purgation (the clearing one’s self of a crime)=Zuivering van een misdaad
Measure (music)=Zang-maat. To beat the measure=De maat slaan
Politick (or cunning)=Slim, schrander, doorsleepen
Undone=Ontdaan, losgemaakt

Topics: order/society, status, innocence, dispute

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
I think he be transformed into a beast,
For I can nowhere find him like a man.
FIRST LORD
My lord, he is but even now gone hence.
Here was he merry, hearing of a song.
DUKE SENIOR
If he, compact of jars, grow musical,
We shall have shortly discord in the spheres.
Go seek him. Tell him I would speak with him.
FIRST LORD
He saves my labour by his own approach.
DUKE SENIOR
Why, how now, monsieur? What a life is this
That your poor friends must woo your company?
What, you look merrily.

DUTCH:
Wordt hij, gansch wanklank, muzikaal, dan dreigt
Der spheren harmonie ontstemd te worden

MORE:
Compact=Composed of
Jar=Discord (as in jarring notes)
Spheres=Planets (moving in harmony, as in music)
Woo=Seek
Compleat:
To compact=In een trekken, dicht t’saamenvoegen
Jar=Krakkeelen, twisten, harrewarren, oneens zyn, kyven
To jar (in music)=Uit de maat zyn
A string that jars=Een snaar die niet eenstemmig klinkt
To woo=Bidden

Topics: insult, conflict

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
It is not the fashion to see the lady the epilogue, but
it is no more unhandsome than to see the lord the
prologue. If it be true that good wine needs no bush,
’tis true that a good play needs no epilogue. Yet to
good wine they do use good bushes, and good plays prove
the better by the help of good epilogues. What a case am
I in, then, that am neither a good epilogue nor cannot
insinuate with you in the behalf of a good play. I am
not furnished like a beggar; therefore to beg will not
become me. My way is to conjure you, and I’ll begin with
the women. I charge you, O women, for the love you bear
to men, to like as much of this play as please you. And
I charge you, O men, for the love you bear to women—as
I perceive by your simpering, none of you hates
them—that between you and the women the play may please.
If I were a woman, I would kiss as many of you as had
beards that pleased me, complexions that liked me, and
breaths that I defied not. And I am sure as many as have
good beards, or good faces, or sweet breaths will, for
my kind offer, when I make curtsy, bid me farewell.

DUTCH:
Is ‘t waar, dat goede wijn geen krans behoeft, even waar is het, dat een goed stuk geen epiloog behoeft maar waar goede wijn is, hangt men fraaie kransen uit, en goede stukken doen zich beter voor met behulp van goede epilogen.

MORE:
Proverb “Good wine needs no bush”
“A good bush” here refers to Ivy, which was hung out at vintners’ doors and in windows to advertise that the hostelry had a good wine.
Also from Sir John Harington’s Epigrams (1618)
“And with this prouerbe proued it labour lost:
Good Ale doth need no signe, good Wine no bush,
Good verse of praisers, need not passse a rush.”

Unhandsome=Unbecoming
Insinuate=To ingratiate one’s self (in a bad sense); to intermeddle
Case=Situation, plight, legal dilemma or actionable state
Furnished=Dressed
Liked=Pleased
Defied=Rejected
Compleat:
Unhandsome=Niet fraai
Insinuate=Inboezemen, inflyen, indringe, inschuyven
Case=Zaak, geval
Furnished=Verzorgd, voorzien, gestoffeerd

Topics: reputation, skill/talent, value, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.2
SPEAKER: Oliver
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
Good morrow, fair ones. Pray you, if you know,
Where in the purlieus of this forest stands
A sheepcote fenced about with olive trees?
CELIA
West of this place, down in the neighbour bottom,
The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream
Left on your right hand brings you to the place.
But at this hour the house doth keep itself.
There’s none within.
OLIVER
If that an eye may profit by a tongue,
Then should I know you by description.
Such garments, and such years. “The boy is fair,
Of female favour, and bestows himself
Like a ripe sister; the woman low
And browner than her brother.” Are not you
The owner of the house I did inquire for?

DUTCH:
Kan ooit een oog iets leeren van een tong,
Dan moet ik uit beschrijving u herkennen.

MORE:
Purlieus=Surroundings
Neighbour bottom=Adjacent valley
Osiers=Willows
Profit=Gain, benefit
Bestows=Behaves
Ripe=Mature, elder
Low=Shorter
Compleat:
Purlieus=(Purley, purlue) Zeker stukken gronds van de oude bosschen afgescheiden, op welken den Eigenaar mag jaagen en Herten of Reëen schieten
Osier=Een teen, tien, rysje, wisch
Profit=Voordeel, gewin, nut, profyt, winst, baat
To bestow=Besteeden, te koste hangen
Ripe=Ryp

Topics: nature, appearance, discovery

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.4
SPEAKER: Corin
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
I prithee, shepherd, if that love or gold
Can in this desert place buy entertainment,
Bring us where we may rest ourselves and feed.
Here’s a young maid with travel much oppressed,
And faints for succour.
CORIN
Fair sir, I pity her
And wish, for her sake more than for mine own,
My fortunes were more able to relieve her.
But I am shepherd to another man
And do not shear the fleeces that I graze.
My master is of churlish disposition
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality.
Besides, his cote, his flocks, and bounds of feed
Are now on sale, and at our sheepcote now,
By reason of his absence, there is nothing
That you will feed on. But what is, come see,
And in my voice most welcome shall you be.
shepherd.
ROSALIND
What is he that shall buy his flock and pasture?

DUTCH:
Hoor, scheper, biedt dit woeste woud hier ergens
Gastvrijheid aan voor dankbaarheid of goud,
Breng ons er heen om te eten en te rusten.

MORE:
Entertainment=Accommodation
For=For want of
Do not shear the fleeces that I graze=Doesn’t profit from the sheet, except income as a shepherd
Churlish=Rough, violent, brutal
Reck=To take care
Cote=Cottage
Bounds of feed=Pastures growing food
Compleat:
To entertain=Onthaalen, huysvesten, plaats vergunnen
Entertainment=Onthaal
Shear=Scherren
Churlish=Woest, boersch, onbeschoft
Sheep-cote=Schaapen=hok
Pasture=Weyde

Topics: money, poverty and wealth, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES DE BOYS
Let me have audience for a word or two.
I am the second son of old Sir Rowland,
That bring these tidings to this fair assembly.
Duke Frederick, hearing how that every day
Men of great worth resorted to this forest,
Addressed a mighty power, which were on foot
In his own conduct, purposely to take
His brother here and put him to the sword.
And to the skirts of this wild wood he came,
Where, meeting with an old religious man,
After some question with him, was converted
Both from his enterprise and from the world,
His crown bequeathing to his banished brother,
And all their lands restored to them again
That were with him exiled. This to be true
I do engage my life.

DUTCH:
Wil voor een woord of twee gehoor mij geven;

MORE:
Audience=Your attention
Addressed=Assembled, prepared
In his own conduct=Led by him
Take=Arrest
Question=Conversation
Engage=Pledge
Compleat:
Audience=Gehoor
To address=Vervoegen, toeschikken, bestellen
Conduct=Beleid, bestier
To engage=Verbinden, verplichten, verpanden

Topics: news, conflict, remedy, resolution

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Welcome, young man.
Thou offer’st fairly to thy brothers’ wedding:
To one his lands withheld, and to the other
A land itself at large, a potent dukedom.
—First, in this forest let us do those ends
That here were well begun and well begot,
And, after, every of this happy number
That have endured shrewd days and nights with us
Shall share the good of our returnèd fortune
According to the measure of their states.
Meantime, forget this new-fall’n dignity,
And fall into our rustic revelry.
—Play, music.— And you brides and bridegrooms all,
With measure heaped in joy to th’ measures fall.
JAQUES
Sir, by your patience: if I heard you rightly,
The duke hath put on a religious life
And thrown into neglect the pompous court.

DUTCH:
Maar laat ons, in dit woud, nu eerst volbrengen,
Wat hier zijn oorsprong nam en schoon begin (…)

MORE:
Offer’st fairly=Bring fair gifts
Withheld=Confiscated
Do those ends=Accomplish the objectives
Every=Everyone
Shrewd=Evil, hard
States=Rank
New-fallen=Newly acquired
Pompous=Ceremonious
Compleat:
To confiscate=Verbeurd maaken, verbeurd verkaaren, aanslaan
Shrewd=Loos, doortrapt, sneedig, vinnig, fel
Pompous=Prachtig, staatelyk

Topics: purpose, satisfaction, status

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Come, shepherd, let us make an honourable retreat,
though not with bag and baggage, yet with scrip and
scrippage.
CELIA
Didst thou hear these verses?
ROSALIND
Oh, yes, I heard them all, and more too, for some of
them had in them more feet than the verses would bear.
CELIA
That’s no matter. The feet might bear the verses.
ROSALIND
Ay, but the feet were lame and could not bear
themselves without the verse, and therefore stood lamely
in the verse.

DUTCH:

Kom, scheper, een eervollen terugtocht! zoo niet met
pak en zak, toch met tasch en staf!

MORE:
Bag and baggage=The necessaries of an army, as the phrase “”with bag and b.”
Clear out bag and baggage=Leave nothing behind
Scrippage=Coins, contents of scrip (shepherds’s pouch)
Feet=Punning on metrical units in verse
Compleat:
March away bag and baggage=Met pak en zak weg trekken
Scrip (a budget or bag=Tasch

Topics: proverbs and idioms, still in use, language

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
What shall be our sport, then?
CELIA
Let us sit and mock the good housewife Fortune from her
wheel, that her gifts may henceforth be bestowed equally.
ROSALIND
I would we could do so, for her benefits are mightily
misplaced, and the bountiful blind woman doth most
mistake in her gifts to women.
CELIA
‘Tis true, for those that she makes fair she scarce
makes honest, and those that she makes honest she makes
very ill-favouredly.
ROSALIND
Nay, now thou goest from Fortune’s office to Nature’s.
Fortune reigns in gifts of the world, not in the
lineaments of Nature.

DUTCH:
Laat ons gaan zitten, en die nijvere huisvrouw met dat wiel, Fortuin, door spot er van af jagen, opdat voortaan haar gaven wat onpartijdiger worden uitgedeeld.

MORE:
Wheel=The attribute of Fortune, emblem of mutability
Blind woman=Fortune, the blind goddess
Scarce=Rarely
Misplaced=Unfairly distributed
Honest=Virtous
Lineaments=Features
Compleat:
Wheel=Rad (van avontuur)
Scarce (or scarcely)=Naauwlyks
To misplace=Verkeerdelyk plaatsen, een onrechte plaats geeven
Honest=Eerlyk, oprecht, vroom
Lineament=Een trek

Burgersdijk notes:
Die nijvere huisvrouw. Alsof het rad of wiel van Fortuin een spinnewiel was. Zie ook „Antonius en Cleopatra”, IV, 15.

Topics: fate/destiny, life, status, poverty and wealth, equality

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.6
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ADAM
Dear master, I can go no further. Oh, I die for food.
Here lie I down and measure out my grave. Farewell, kind master.
ORLANDO
Why, how now, Adam? No greater heart in thee? Live a
little, comfort a little, cheer thyself a little. If
this uncouth forest yield anything savage, I will either
be food for it or bring it for food to thee. Thy
conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake, be
comfortable. Hold death awhile at the arm’s end. I will
here be with thee presently, and if I bring thee not
something to eat, I will give thee leave to die. But if
thou diest before I come, thou art a mocker of my labour.
Well said. Thou look’st cheerly, and I’ll be with thee
quickly. Yet thou liest in the bleak air. Come, I will
bear thee to some shelter, and thou shalt not die for
lack of a dinner if there live anything in this desert.
Cheerly, good Adam.

DUTCH:
Komaan, Adam, hoe is het? hebt gij niet meer hart
in ‘t lijf? Leef nog wat, verman u wat, vervroolijk u
wat! Als dit woeste woud iets wilds voortbrengt, zal
ik er spijs voor zijn, of het u als spijze brengen.

MORE:
Conceit=Conception, idea, image in the mind
Power=Vital organ, physical or intellectual function
Comfortable=Comforted
Well said=Well done
Cheerly=Cheerful
Anything savage=Game
Compleat:
Conceit=Waan, bevatting, opvatting, meening
Power (ability or force)=Vermogen, kracht
Comfortable=Vertroostelyk, troostelyk
Cheerful (chearfull)=Blymoedig, blygeestig
Savage=Wild

Topics: life, wellbeing, imagination, nature, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
Nay then, God be wi’ you, an you talk in blank verse.
ROSALIND
Farewell, Monsieur Traveler. Look you lisp and wear
strange suits, disable all the benefits of your own
country, be out of love with your nativity, and almost
chide God for making you that countenance you are, or I
will scarce think you have swam in a gondola.
Why, how now,
Orlando, where have you been all this while? You a
lover? An you serve me such another trick, never come in
my sight more.

DUTCH:
Vaarwel, signore Reiziger. Zorg vooral, dat gij lispelt en u uitheemsch kleedt, al wat er goed is in uw eigen land nietswaardig noemt, met het uur van uw geboorte overhoop ligt en bijna tegen den lieven God uitvaart, omdat hij u geen ander gezicht gegeven heeft;

MORE:
Disable=To disparage, to undervalue
Countenance=Face, air
Compleat:
Disable=Onmagtig maaken, onvermogend maaken
Countenance=Gelaat, gezigt, uitzigt, weezen

Topics: language, appearance, value, ingratitude

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
CELIA
O Lord, Lord, it is a hard matter for friends to meet,
but mountains may be removed with earthquakes and so
encounter.
ROSALIND
Nay, but who is it?
CELIA
Is it possible?
ROSALIND
Nay, I prithee now, with most petitionary vehemence,
tell me who it is.
CELIA
O wonderful, wonderful, and most wonderful wonderful,
and yet again wonderful, and after that, out of all
whooping!
ROSALIND
Good my complexion, dost thou think though I am
caparisoned like a man, I have a doublet and hose in my
disposition? One inch of delay more is a South Sea of
discovery. I prithee, tell me who is it quickly, and
speak apace. I would thou couldst stammer, that thou
might’st pour this concealed man out of thy mouth as
wine comes out of a narrow-mouthed bottle—either too
much at once, or none at all. I prithee take the cork
out of thy mouth, that I may drink thy tidings.
CELIA
So you may put a man in your belly.
ROSALIND
Is he of God’s making? What manner of man? Is his head
worth a hat or his chin worth a beard?

DUTCH:
O Heere, Heere, ‘t is voor vrienden wel een moeilijk
ding elkaar te treffen; maar bergen worden wel door
aardbevingen verzet en komen dan samen.

MORE:
Proverb: Friends may meet but mountains never greet

Removed with=Moved by
Petitionary=Supplicatory
Vehemence=Passion, eagerness
Out of=Beyond
Whooping=Shouts of amazement
Good my complexion=Mild oath
Caparisoned=Dressed
Apace=Fast
Compleat:
Remove=Een verschuiving, verstooting, afzetting, verplaatsing
Petition=Verzoek, smeekschrift, request
Vehemence=Heftigheid
Whooping=Geroep
Caparison=Kaperson

Topics: friendship, patience, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
But will my Rosalind do so?
ROSALIND
By my life, she will do as I do.
ORLANDO
Oh, but she is wise.
ROSALIND
Or else she could not have the wit to do this. The
wiser, the waywarder. Make the doors upon a woman’s wit,
and it will out at the casement. Shut that, and ’twill
out at the keyhole. Stop that, ’twill fly with the smoke
out at the chimney.

DUTCH:
Sluit voor een vrouwenvernuft de deur, en het gaat door het venster naar buiten; sluit dit toe en het kruipt door het sleutelgat; stop dit dicht, en het vliegt met den rook den schoorsteen uit.

MORE:
CITED IN US LAW:
American Gas Association v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 912 F.2d 1496, 1516, (D.C.Cir. l990)(Williams, J.).

Wit=Intellect
Wayward=Capricious and obstinate
Check=Rebuke, reproof; “patience bide each check”.
Compleat:
Wit (understanding)=Vinding, schranderheid, verstand
Wayward=Kribbig, korsel, nors, boos
Check=Berisping, beteugeling, intooming

Topics: wisdom, intellect, skill/talent, cited in law

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.3
SPEAKER: Oliver
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
By and by.
When from the first to last betwixt us two
Tears our recountments had most kindly bathed—
As how I came into that desert place—
In brief, he led me to the gentle duke,
Who gave me fresh array and entertainment,
Committing me unto my brother’s love,
Who led me instantly unto his cave,
There stripped himself, and here upon his arm
The lioness had torn some flesh away,
Which all this while had bled. And now he fainted,
And cried in fainting upon Rosalind.
Brief, I recovered him, bound up his wound,
And after some small space, being strong at heart,
He sent me hither, stranger as I am,
To tell this story, that you might excuse
His broken promise, and to give this napkin
Dyed in his blood unto the shepherd youth
That he in sport doth call his Rosalind.
CELIA
Why, how now, Ganymede, sweet Ganymede?
OLIVER
Many will swoon when they do look on blood.

DUTCH:
Ja, velen vallen flauw, wanneer zij bloed zien.

MORE:
Do not shame=Am not ashamed
By and by=In a moment
Recountments=Accounts, narratives
Entertainment=Hospitality
Recovered=Revived
In sport=In jest
Compleat:
Shame=Beschaamen, beschaamd maaken, schande aandoen
By and by=Zo aanstonds, op ‘t oogenblik
To recount=Verhaalen
Entertainment=Huysvesting, onderhoud
To recover=Weder bekomen, weer krygen, weer opkomen
To make sport=Lachen, speelen

Topics: guilt, promise, mercy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Now tell me how long you would have her after you have
possessed her.
ORLANDO
Forever and a day.
ROSALIND
Say “a day” without the “ever.” No, no, Orlando, men
are April when they woo, December when they wed. Maids
are May when they are maids, but the sky changes when
they are wives. I will be more jealous of thee than a
Barbary cock-pigeon over his hen, more clamorous than a
parrot against rain, more newfangled than an ape, more
giddy in my desires than a monkey. I will weep for
nothing, like Diana in the fountain, and I will do that
when you are disposed to be merry. I will laugh like a
hyena, and that when thou art inclined to sleep.

DUTCH:
Neen, neen, Orlando, mannen zijn April, als zij vrijen, maar December, als zij getrouwd zijn; meisjens zijn Mei, als zij meisjens zijn, maar de lucht betrekt, zoodra zij vrouwen zijn.

MORE:
Have=Keep
Barbary cock-pigeon=Ornamaental bird
Against=Before, in preparation for
New-fangled=Distracted by new fashions
Diana=Statues of Diana placed in fountains
Compleat:
New-fangled=Nieuw uitgevonden, nieuwgesmeed

Topics: love, marriage

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.5
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
More, more, I prithee, more.
AMIENS
It will make you melancholy, Monsieur Jaques.
JAQUES
I thank it. More, I prithee, more. I can suck
melancholy out of a song as a weasel sucks eggs. More, I
prithee, more.
AMIENS
My voice is ragged. I know I cannot please you.
JAQUES
I do not desire you to please me. I do desire you to sing.
Come, more, another stanzo. Call you ’em “stanzos?”
AMIENS
What you will, Monsieur Jaques.
JAQUES
Nay, I care not for their names. They owe me nothing.
Will you sing?

DUTCH:
Dit zal mij welkom zijn. Ga voort! ik bid u, ga voort!
Ik kan melancholie zuigen uit een lied, zooals een wezel
eieren uitzuigt. Ga voort; ik bid u, ga voort.

MORE:
Ragged=Hoarse
Stanzo=Stanza
Names=Punning on signatures in a legal sense (on bonds or lenders’ records)
Compleat:
Ragged=Versleeten, gescherud, haaveloos
Stanza=Een afdeeling van vaerzen

Topics: emotion and mood

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Fie on thee! I can tell what thou wouldst do.
JAQUES
What, for a counter, would I do but good?
DUKE SENIOR
Most mischievous foul sin in chiding sin,
For thou thyself hast been a libertine,
As sensual as the brutish sting itself,
And all th’ embossèd sores and headed evils
That thou with license of free foot hast caught
Wouldst thou disgorge into the general world.
JAQUES
Why, who cries out on pride
That can therein tax any private party?
Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea
Till that the weary very means do ebb?
What woman in the city do I name,
When that I say the city-woman bears
The cost of princes on unworthy shoulders?
Who can come in and say that I mean her,
When such a one as she such is her neighbour?
Or what is he of basest function
That says his bravery is not of my cost,
Thinking that I mean him, but therein suits
His folly to the mettle of my speech?
There then. How then, what then? Let me see wherein
My tongue hath wronged him. If it do him right,
Then he hath wronged himself. If he be free,
Why then my taxing like a wild goose flies
Unclaimed of any man. But who comes here?

DUTCH:
Recht booze zonde, als gij op zonde raast;
Want gij zijt zelf een woesteling geweest,
Een slaaf, niet min dan ‘t vee, der zinn’lijkheid;

MORE:
Counter=Coin or counter having no value
Sting=Carnal appetite
Embossed=Swollen
Evils=Boils
Licence=Licentiousness (and permission)
Free foot=Freedom of movement
Tax=Accuse
Means=Source
City-woman=Extravagantly dressed city wife
Mettle=Spirit
Do him=Describe him
Right=Correctly
Free=Innocent
Compleat:
Sting=Prikkel, steekel
Licence=Verlof, oorlof, vergunning, toelaating, vrygeeving, goedkeuring; vryheyd
To tax=Beschuldigen
Full of mettle=Vol vuurs, moedig
Right=Recht, behoorlyk

Topics: advantage/benefit, pride, language, insult

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
CELIA
Gentle cousin,
Let us go thank him and encourage him.
My father’s rough and envious disposition
Sticks me at heart. Sir, you have well deserved.
If you do keep your promises in love
But justly, as you have exceeded all promise,
Your mistress shall be happy.
ROSALIND
Gentleman,
Wear this for me—one out of suits with fortune
That could give more but that her hand lacks means.
Shall we go, coz?
CELIA
Ay. Fare you well, fair gentleman.
ORLANDO
Can I not say “I thank you”? My better parts
Are all thrown down, and that which here stands up
Is but a quintain, a mere lifeless block.

DUTCH:
Mijn beter deel
Ligt neergeveld, en wat nog overeind staat,
Is als een pop bij ‘t steekspel, roerloos, dood.

MORE:
Disposition=Temperament
Quintain=a post or figure set up for beginners in tilting to run at.
Out of suits=Out of favour (with fortune)
Compleat:
Quintain=Een bruilofts steekspel, alwaar men met zwaare speeren tegen een eike plank rent
Disposition of mind=Gesteltenis van gemoed

Burgersdijk notes:
Een pop bij ‘t steekspel. A quintain: een houten figuur, die vooral bij oefeningen in het toernooirijden als doel voor de lans diende. Volgens Douce was dit doel, in zijn meest volkomen vorm, een afgezaagde boomstam, waarop een menschelijke figuur geplaatst was, die aan den linkerarm een schild, in de rechterhand een zak met zand vasthield. De toernooiruiters poogden in galop met hun lans den kop of het lijf van de pop te treffen; mislukte dit en raakten zij het schild, dan draaide de pop snel om en gaf hun, tot groot vermaak der toeschouwers, een slag met den zandzak.

Topics: emotion and mood, civility, merit, promise, respect

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Gentleman,
Wear this for me—one out of suits with fortune
That could give more but that her hand lacks means.
—Shall we go, coz?
CELIA
Ay.—Fare you well, fair gentleman.
ORLANDO
Can I not say “I thank you?” My better parts
Are all thrown down, and that which here stands up
Is but a quintain, a mere lifeless block.
ROSALIND
He calls us back. My pride fell with my fortunes.
I’ll ask him what he would.— Did you call, sir?
Sir, you have wrestled well and overthrown
More than your enemies.

DUTCH:
Hij roept ons; met mijn rang ontvlood mijn trots. ‘k Vraag, wat hij wenscht. — Hebt gij geroepen, heer? Schoon was uw worst’ling en gij overwon’t. Niet vijanden alleen.

MORE:
Quintain=a post or figure set up for beginners in tilting to run at.
Out of suits=Out of favour (with fortune)
Pride=Self-esteem, mostly in a bad sense, haughtiness, arrogance
Compleat:
Quintain=Een bruilofts steekspel, alwaar men met zwaare speeren tegen een eike plank rent.
Pride=Hovaardy, grootsheid, hoogmoed, trotsheid, verwaandheid

Burgersdijk notes:
Een pop bij ‘t steekspel. A quintain: een houten figuur, die vooral bij oefeningen in het toernooirijden als doel voor de lans diende. Volgens Douce was dit doel, in zijn meest volkomen vorm, een afgezaagde boomstam, waarop een menschelijke figuur geplaatst was, die aan den linkerarm een schild, in de rechterhand een zak met zand vasthield. De toernooiruiters poogden in galop met hun lans den kop of het lijf van de pop te treffen; mislukte dit en raakten zij het schild, dan draaide de pop snel om en gaf hun, tot groot vermaak der toeschouwers, een slag met den zandzak.

Topics: fate/destiny, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.3
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
CELIA
Why, cousin! Why, Rosalind! Cupid have mercy, not a word?
ROSALIND
Not one to throw at a dog.
CELIA
No, thy words are too precious to be cast away upon curs.
Throw some of them at me. Come, lame me with reasons.
ROSALIND
Then there were two cousins laid up, when the one
should be lamed with reasons and the other mad without
any.

DUTCH:
Geen enkel; woorden zouden paarlen voor de honden zijn.

MORE:
Cast away=to throw away, waste or lavish
Lame=Disable me with reasons
Compleat:
To cast away care=Werp de zorg weg
Lame=Verlammen, lam maaken

Topics: language, value, reason, madness

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.3
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
CELIA
They are but burs, cousin, thrown upon thee in holiday
foolery. If we walk not in the trodden paths our very
petticoats will catch them.
ROSALIND
I could shake them off my coat. These burs are in my
heart.
CELIA
Hem them away.
ROSALIND
I would try, if I could cry “hem” and have him.

DUTCH:
Het zijn maar klissen, nichtjen, uit een zondaagsche dartelheid op u geworpen; als wij niet op de gebaande wegen gaan, vatten onze rokken ze van zelf vast.

MORE:
Working-day (adjectively)=Common, ordinary, trivial vulgar
Burr=Rough head of the burdock
Foolery=Jesting, buffoonery
Compleat:
Burr=Kliskruid

Topics: status, order/society, custom

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.2
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Oh, I know where you are. Nay, ’tis true. There was
never anything so sudden but the fight of two rams and
Caesar’s thrasonical brag of “I came, saw, and
overcame.” For your brother and my sister no sooner met
but they looked, no sooner looked but they loved, no
sooner loved but they sighed, no sooner sighed but they
asked one another the reason, no sooner knew the reason
but they sought the remedy; and in these degrees have
they made a pair of stairs to marriage, which they will
climb incontinent, or else be incontinent before
marriage. They are in the very wrath of love, and they
will together. Clubs cannot part them.
ORLANDO
They shall be married tomorrow, and I will bid the duke
to the nuptial. But Oh, how bitter a thing it is to
look into happiness through another man’s eyes. By so
much the more shall I tomorrow be at the height of
heart-heaviness, by how much I shall think my brother
happy in having what he wishes for.
ROSALIND
Why, then, tomorrow I cannot serve your turn for
Rosalind?

DUTCH:
Maar ach! hoe bitter is het, gelukzaligheid door eens anders oogen te zien!

MORE:
Thrasonical=Boasting (Thraso, bragging solider in ‘The Eunuch’)
Degrees=Stages
Incontinent=(1) Hastily (2) Unchaste
Heart-heaviness=Sadness
Compleat:
Thrasonical=Pochachtig, snorkachtig
Degree=Een graad, trap
Incontinent=Ontuchtig

Topics: life, satisfaction, emotion and mood, envy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.4
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
CELIA
“Was” is not “is.” Besides, the oath of a lover is no
stronger than the word of a tapster. They are both the
confirmer of false reckonings. He attends here in the
forest on the duke your father.
ROSALIND
I met the duke yesterday and had much question with
him. He asked me of what parentage I was. I told him, of
as good as he. So he laughed and let me go. But what
talk we of fathers when there is such a man as Orlando?
CELIA
Oh, that’s a brave man. He writes brave verses, speaks
brave words, swears brave oaths, and breaks them
bravely, quite traverse, athwart the heart of his lover,
as a puny tilter that spurs his horse but on one side
breaks his staff like a noble goose; but all’s brave
that youth mounts and folly guides.

DUTCH:
Ja, dat is een prachtig man; hij schrijft prachtige verzen, spreekt prachtige woorden, zweert prachtige eeden en breekt ze prachtig, dwars door, vlak voor het hart van zijn liefste, juist als een sukkelig tournooiruiter, die zijn paard maar aan de eene zijde spoort en als een adellijk uilskuiken zijn lans breekt. Maar alles is prachtig, als jeugd in den zadel zit en dwaasheid den teugel houdt.

MORE:
Tapster=Barman (traditionally considered dishonest)
False=Not right, wrong, erroneous
Reckoning=The money charged by a host (a Bill)
Question=Conversation
Brave=Fine, splendid, beautiful
Traverse=Sideways (in jousting it was dishonourable to break the lance in this way instead of straight at the opponent’s shield)
Puny=Inferior
Compleat:
Tapster=Een tapper, biertapper
False=Valsch, onwaar; nagemaakt, verraderlyk
Reckoning=(in a public house) Gelach
Brave=Braaf, fraai, treffelyk, dapper
Taverse=Overdwaars
Puny=Klein, lief
A puny judge=Een jongste rechter (See Puisny. Puisne (or puisny)=a law term for younger; a name given in the house of lords to the youngest baron, and in Westminster hall to the youngest judge. De jongste Lord in ‘t hogerhuis, of de jongste Rechter in de pleitzaal van Westmunster.)

Topics: language, courage, appearance

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.3
SPEAKER: Adam
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
Who’s there?
ADAM
What, my young master, O my gentle master,
O my sweet master, O you memory
Of old Sir Rowland! Why, what make you here?
Why are you virtuous? Why do people love you?
And wherefore are you gentle, strong, and valiant?
Why would you be so fond to overcome
The bonny prizer of the humorous duke?
Your praise is come too swiftly home before you.
Know you not, master, to some kind of men
Their graces serve them but as enemies?
No more do yours. Your virtues, gentle master,
Are sanctified and holy traitors to you.
Oh, what a world is this when what is comely
Envenoms him that bears it!

DUTCH:
O, welk een wereld is dit, waar liet schoone
Voor hem, die ‘t pleegt en kweekt, vergiftig is!

MORE:
Gentle=Noble
Memory=Reminder
Make=Do (are you doing)
Fond=Foolish
Prizer=Prizefighter
Humorous=Moody, fickle
Comely=Attractive
Envenoms=Poisons
Compleat:
Gentle=Aardig, edelmoedig
Memory=Gedachtenis, geheugenis, onthouding, memorie
I will bring it to his memory=I zal ‘t hem indachtig maaken
Fond=Zot, dwaas, ongerymt
Prize-fighter=Een zwaardschermer
Humoursom (humerous)=Eigenzinnig, koppig, styfhoofdig, eenzinnig
Comely=Bevallig, wel gemaakt

Topics: civility, order/society, caution, age/experience

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.5
SPEAKER: Phoebe
CONTEXT:
PHOEBE
Think not I love him, though I ask for him.
‘Tis but a peevish boy—yet he talks well—
But what care I for words? Yet words do well
When he that speaks them pleases those that hear.
It is a pretty youth—not very pretty—
But sure he’s proud—and yet his pride becomes him.
He’ll make a proper man. The best thing in him
Is his complexion; and faster than his tongue
Did make offence, his eye did heal it up.
He is not very tall—yet for his years he’s tall.
His leg is but so-so—and yet ’tis well.
There was a pretty redness in his lip,
A little riper and more lusty red
Than that mixed in his cheek: ’twas just the difference
Betwixt the constant red and mingled damask.
There be some women, Silvius, had they marked him
In parcels as I did, would have gone near
To fall in love with him; but for my part
I love him not nor hate him not; and yet
I have more cause to hate him than to love him.
For what had he to do to chide at me?
He said mine eyes were black and my hair black
And, now I am remembered, scorned at me.
I marvel why I answered not again.
But that’s all one: omittance is no quittance.
I’ll write to him a very taunting letter,
And thou shalt bear it. Wilt thou, Silvius?

DUTCH:
Doch laat dit wezen; uitstel is geen afstel.
Ik schrijf hem nu een brief, vol spot en hoon;
En gij bezorgt dien, Sylvius, niet waar?

MORE:
“Quod differtur, non aufertur”. [What is deferred is not relinquished.]Found in Heywood’s Proverbs (1546):
“Leave off this ! Be it, (quoth he), fall wee to our food.
But sufferance is no quittans in this daiment.
No, (quoth she), nor misreckning is no payment.
But even reckoning maketh longfrendes; my frend.
For alway owne is owne, at the recknings end.
This reckning once reckned, and dinner once doone,
We three from them twaine, departed very soone. . “
1592 Arden of Fevers, ii. ii Arden escaped us. . . . But forbearance is no acquittance; another time we’ll do it of the claim.”

Peevish=Foolish
Constant=Uniform
Quittance=Discharge from a debt, acquittance: “in any bill, warrant, q. or obligation”
Taunting=Subst. scoff, insulting mockery
Compleat:
Peevish=Kribbig, gemelyk
Quittance=Kwytschelding, kwytingsbrief, quitancie
To cry quitancie (or be even)=Met gelyke munt betaalen
Taunting=Beschimping

Topics: law, /legal, proverbs and idioms, still in use

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
Sir, by your patience: if I heard you rightly,
The duke hath put on a religious life
And thrown into neglect the pompous court.
JAQUES DE BOYS
He hath.
JAQUES
To him will I. Out of these convertites
There is much matter to be heard and learned.
– You to your former honor I bequeath;
Your patience and your virtue well deserves it.
– You to a love that your true faith doth merit.
– You to your land, and love, and great allies.
– You to a long and well-deservèd bed.
– And you to wrangling, for thy loving voyage
Is but for two months victualled.— So to your pleasures.
I am for other than for dancing measures.
DUKE SENIOR
Stay, Jaques, stay.
JAQUES
To see no pastime I. What you would have
I’ll stay to know at your abandoned cave.

DUTCH:
Dan spoed ik mij tot hem; van die bekeerden
Is menig ding, dat nuttig is, te hooren.

MORE:
Pompous=Ceremonious
Convertites=Converts
Compleat:
Pompous=Prachtig, staatelyk
Convert=Een bekeerde

Topics: authority, life, order/society, marriage

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
SILVIUS
My errand is to you, fair youth.
My gentle Phoebe did bid me give you this.
I know not the contents, but as I guess
By the stern brow and waspish action
Which she did use as she was writing of it,
It bears an angry tenor. Pardon me.
I am but as a guiltless messenger.
ROSALIND
Patience herself would startle at this letter
And play the swaggerer. Bear this, bear all.
She says I am not fair, that I lack manners.
She calls me proud, and that she could not love me
Were man as rare as phoenix. ‘Od’s my will,
Her love is not the hare that I do hunt.
Why writes she so to me? Well, shepherd, well,
This is a letter of your own device.

DUTCH:
Bij zoo iets stoof Geduld, zichzelf vergetend,
Als razend op; wie dit verdraagt, duldt alles.
Ze zegt: ik ben niet mooi, heb geen manieren,
Ben trotsch; kortom nooit zou zij mij beminnen,
Al ware een man zoo zeldzaam als de Phenix.

MORE:
Waspish=Irritable, petulant
Action=Demeanour
Swaggerer=A blusterer, a bully
Startle=Intr. to move in a sudden alarm; to be frighted or shocked: “patience herself would s. at this letter”.
Compleat:
Swaggerer=Een snorker, pocher
Waspish=Kribbig, knyzig, snaauwachtig
Action=Een daad, handeling
Startle=Schrikken, ontzetten

Topics: patience, language

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
Dost thou believe, Orlando, that the boy
Can do all this that he hath promisèd?
ORLANDO
I sometimes do believe and sometimes do not,
As those that fear they hope, and know they fear.
ROSALIND
Patience once more whiles our compact is urged.
You say, if I bring in your Rosalind,
You will bestow her on Orlando here?
DUKE SENIOR
That would I, had I kingdoms to give with her.

DUTCH:
Een oogenblik, om ons verdrag te staven.

MORE:
Compact=Contract
Urged=Declared, proclaimed
Had I=Even if I had
Compleat:
Compact=Verdrag, verding, verbond

Topics: contract, hope/optimism, marriage

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
As I remember, Adam, it was upon this fashion
bequeathed me by will but poor a thousand crowns, and,
as thou sayest, charged my brother on his blessing to
breed me well. And there begins my sadness. My brother
Jacques he keeps at school, and report speaks goldenly
of his profit. For my part, he keeps me rustically at
home or, to speak more properly, stays me here at home
unkept; for call you that “keeping” for a gentleman of
my birth that differs not from the stalling of an ox?
His horses are bred better, for, besides that they are
fair with their feeding, they are taught their manage
and, to that end, riders dearly hired. But I, his
brother, gain nothing under him but growth, for the
which his animals on his dunghills are as much bound to
him as I. Besides this nothing that he so plentifully
gives me, the something that nature gave me his
countenance seems to take from me. He lets me feed with
his hinds, bars me the place of a brother, and, as much
as in him lies, mines my gentility with my education.
This is it, Adam, that grieves me, and the spirit of my
father, which I think is within me, begins to mutiny
against this servitude. I will no longer endure it,
though yet I know no wise remedy how to avoid it

DUTCH:
Mijn broeder Jacob heeft hij op school gedaan en de berichten over zijn vorderingen zijn schitterend;

MORE:
But poor=A measly, only (a miserable)
On his blessing=In order to obtain his blessing
Breed=Educate, bring up
School=University
Profit=Progress, advancement
Stays=Detains
Unkept=Unkempt
Fair with=Blossom because of
Manège=Paces
Dearly=Expensively
Bound=Indebted
Countenance=Behaviour, attitude
Hinds=Farmhands
Mines=Undermines
Compleat:
But=Maar, of, dan, behalven, maar alleen
Poor=(mean, pitiful) Arm, elendig
Blessing=Zegening
Breed=Teelen, werpen; voortbrengen; veroorzaaken; opvoeden
Profit=Voordeel, gewin, nut, profyt, winst, baat
To stay=Wagten
Dear=Duurgekocht
Bound=Gebonden, verbonden, verpligt, dienstbaar
Out of countenance=Bedeesd, verbaasd, ontsteld, ontroerd

Topics: learning/education, order/society, status, equality, legacy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
I like him very well.
TOUCHSTONE
God ‘ild you, sir. I desire you of the like. I press in
here, sir, amongst the rest of the country copulatives,
to swear and to forswear, according as marriage binds
and blood breaks. A poor virgin, sir, an ill-favoured
thing, sir, but mine own. A poor humor of mine, sir, to
take that that no man else will. Rich honesty dwells
like a miser, sir, in a poor house, as your pearl in
your foul oyster.
DUKE SENIOR
By my faith, he is very swift and sententious.
TOUCHSTONE
According to the fool’s bolt, sir, and such dulcet
diseases.

DUTCH:
[E]en arm maagdeken, heer, een leelijk schepseltjen, heer, maar van mij.

MORE:
Proverb: A fool’s bolt is soon shot (c. 1225)

God yield you=God bless you
Copulatives=Marrying couples
Swear=Take an oath (of innocence)
Forswear=Break one’s oath
Compleat:
Copulative=Samenvoegend
To swear=Zweeren, beëedigen
To forswear a thing=Zweeren dat iets zo niet is

Burgersdijk notes:
Naar den aard van de stompscherpe narrepijlen. According to the fool’s bolt. Een bolt was van een ronden knobbel aan het eind voorzien. Het antwoord van den nar ziet op het compliment van den hertog: he is very quick; „hij is zeer vlug, zeer gevat.” Men mag er het spreekwoord: A fool’s bolt is soon shot, K. Hendrik V , III. 7. 132 , mee in verband brengen.

Topics: still in use, proverbs and idioms, value, poverty and wealth

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms.
Then, the whining school-boy with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then, a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden, and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth. And then, the justice,
In fair round belly, with a good capon lined,
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws, and modern instances,
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

DUTCH:
Gezicht en tanden, smaak en alles kwijt

MORE:
CITED IN IRISH LAW: Ellis v Minister for Justice and Equality & Ors [2019] IESC 30 (15 May 2019)
CITED IN US LAW: Re. the definition of “mewling and puking”: Lett v Texas, 727 SW 2d 367, 371 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987)

“Policies of shutting people away for life or for ages within life, in Shakespeare’s sense, may be appropriate depending on the gravity of the crime”.
Bubble reputation=Empty, pointless reputation. Short-lived fame..
Referred to as The Seven Ages of Man monologue

Reference to the “justice, in fair round belly with good capon lined”: from the North Briton, no. 64: “a justice of peace is a human creature; yet, for half a dozen of chickens, will dispense with the whole dozen of penal statutes. These be the basket-justices…”.

Like furnace=Emitting smoke
Mewling=Feeble crying
Jealous in honour=Quick to feel honour has been slighted
Bubble reputation=Fleeting glory
Pard=Leopard
Pantaloon=Comedy figure of an old man (Italian)
Mere oblivion=Total forgetfulness, mentally blank
Compleat:
Wise saws=Sayings, precepts
Instances=Arguments or examples used in a defence
An old saw (for an old saying)=Een oud zeggen
Furnace=Een oven
Bubble=Waterblaaas, waterbel, beuzeling
Oblivion=Vergeeting, vergeetenheid
Pantaloon=Een Hans=worst, een gek

Burgersdijk notes:
Heel de wereld is tooneel enz. In Sh.’s schouwburg, de Globe, was de spreuk van Petronius (die onder keizer Nero leefde) te lezen: Totus mundus agit histrionem. De gedachte is meermalen uitgesproken, vroeger ook reeds door Sh. zelven in “den Koopman van Venetie”, 1. 1. Men herinnert zich ook Vondels:
„De weerelt is een speeltooneel,
Elk speelt zijn rol en krijght zijn deel.”
In zeven levenstrappen. De verdeeling van het leven in zeven bedrijven is reeds zeer oud en wordt aan Hippocrates toegeschreven; zij is in overeenstemming met het aantal planeten (zon, maan en vijf planeten).
En net geknipten baard. Van de snede, die den rechter past, in tegenstelling met den wilden, niet gekorten krijgsmansbaard.

Topics: still in use, cited in law, life, age/experience, invented or popularised

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.5
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
And why, I pray you? Who might be your mother,
That you insult, exult, and all at once,
Over the wretched? What though you have no beauty—
As, by my faith, I see no more in you
Than without candle may go dark to bed—
Must you be therefore proud and pitiless?
Why, what means this? Why do you look on me?
I see no more in you than in the ordinary
Of nature’s sale-work.— ‘Od’s my little life,
I think she means to tangle my eyes, too.
—No, faith, proud mistress, hope not after it.
‘Tis not your inky brows, your black silk hair,
Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream
That can entame my spirits to your worship.
—You foolish shepherd, wherefore do you follow her,
Like foggy south puffing with wind and rain?
You are a thousand times a properer man
Than she a woman. ‘Tis such fools as you
That makes the world full of ill-favoured children.
‘Tis not her glass but you that flatters her,
And out of you she sees herself more proper
Than any of her lineaments can show her.
—But, mistress, know yourself. Down on your knees
And thank heaven, fasting, for a good man’s love,
For I must tell you friendly in your ear,
Sell when you can; you are not for all markets.
Cry the man mercy, love him, take his offer.
Foul is most foul, being foul to be a scoffer.
—So take her to thee, shepherd. Fare you well.

DUTCH:
Want hoor, wat ik als vriend in ‘t oor u zeg,
Sla toe bij ‘t bod; uw waar is niet gewild.
Snel, vraag vergiff’nis, ras zijn min gekroond!
Wie leelijk is, is ‘t leelijkst, als zij hoont.

MORE:
All at once=In one breath
Ordinary=Ordinary run
Sale-work=Ready made retail goods (of inferior quality)
Bugle=Beads, usually black
Wind and rain=Sighs and tears
Properer=More handsome
Tangle=Ensnare
Cry mercy=Take mercy on
Scoffer=Mocker. Scoffer was used for political and religious abuse.
Compleat:
At once=Op een reis, teffens, te gelyk, ten eersten
Ordinary=Gewoonlyk, gemeen
To scoff=Spotten, schimpen. To scoff at=Bespotten beschimpen.
Buggle=Een glaze kraal
Proper=Bequaam, van een bequaame lengte
To tangle=Verwarren
Mercy=Barmhartifheid, genade
To cry mercy=Om genade roepen

Topics: insult, marriage, value, ingratitude

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
CELIA
My father’s love is enough to honour him. Enough. Speak
no more of him; you’ll be whipped for taxation one of these days.
TOUCHSTONE
The more pity that fools may not speak wisely what wise
men do foolishly.
CELIA
By my troth, thou sayest true. For, since the little
wit that fools have was silenced, the little foolery
that wise men have makes a great show. Here comes
Monsieur Le Beau.
ROSALIND
With his mouth full of news.
CELIA
Which he will put on us as pigeons feed their young.
ROSALIND
Then shall we be news-crammed.

DUTCH:
Inderdaad, gij hebt gelijk; want sedert het beetjen wijsheid, dat dwazen hebben, tot zwijgen gebracht werd, maakt het beetjen dwaasheid, dat wijzen hebben, een groote vertooning.

MORE:
Proverb: The wise man knows himself to be a fool, the fool thinks he is wise

‘Silenced’ is probably a topical reference, either to new restraints imposed on theatrical companies or to the burning of satirical books in 1599.

Whipping was a cruel punishment. In the days of Henry VIII an Act decreed that vagrants were to be carried to some market town, or other place, and there tied to the end of a cart, naked, and beaten with whips throughout such market-town, or other place, till the body should be bloody by reason of such whipping. The punishment was mitigated in Elizabeth’s reign, to the extent that vagrants need only to be “stripped naked from the middle upwards and whipped till the body should be bloody”.

Whipped=Censure, satire, invective “You’ll be whipped for taxation one of these days”.
Foolery=Absurdity
News-crammed=Full of news (and therefore valuable on the market)
Compleat:
Whipped=Gegeesseld
Foolery=Malligheid
Cram=Kroppen, proppen, mesten, overladen

Topics: intellect, wisdom, appearance, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Corin
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Most shallow man. Thou worms’ meat in respect of a good
piece of flesh, indeed. Learn of the wise and perpend:
civet is of a baser birth than tar, the very uncleanly
flux of a cat. Mend the instance, shepherd.
CORIN
You have too courtly a wit for me. I’ll rest.
TOUCHSTONE
Wilt thou rest damned? God help thee, shallow man. God
make incision in thee; thou art raw.
CORIN
Sir, I am a true labourer. I earn that I eat, get that I
wear, owe no man hate, envy no man’s happiness, glad of
other men’s good, content with my harm, and the
greatest of my pride is to see my ewes graze and my
lambs suck.
TOUCHSTONE
That is another simple sin in you, to bring the ewes
and the rams together and to offer to get your living by
the copulation of cattle; to be bawd to a bellwether
and to betray a she-lamb of a twelvemonth to a
crooked-pated old cuckoldly ram, out of all reasonable
match. If thou be’st not damned for this, the devil
himself will have no shepherds. I cannot see else how
thou shouldst ’scape.

DUTCH:
Vriend, ik ben een eerlijk daglooner; ik verdien mijn kost en mijn kleeding, draag niemand haat toe, benijd niemand zijn geluk, verheug mij in een andermans welvaren, en schik mij in mijn leed; en mijn grootste trots is, mijn ooien te zien grazen en mijn lammeren te zien zuigen.

MORE:
Shallow=Superficial, empty
Perpend=Consider
Civet=Perfume from the anal glands of the civet cat
Flux=Discharge
Mend=Improve
Instance=Proof
Make incision=Blood-letting (to cure stupidity); score (raw meat)
Raw=Unripe, immature; inexperienced, unskilled, untrained
Content=Resigned to
Harm=Misfortune
Simple=Plain, simple-minded
Bell-wether=Lead sheep that wears the bell
Out of=Beyond
Compleat:
Shallow=Ondiep
Shallowness, shallow wit=Kleinheid van begrip, dommelykheid
To perpend=Overweegen
Flux=De vloed, loop; flux and reflux=Eb en vloed
Mend=Beteren, verbeteren
Instance=Proof
To make an incision=Met een vlym openen, een opening maaken, insnyden
Raw=(unskilled) Onbedreven
To take content=Genoegen neemen
Harm=Tegenspoed, ongeluk
Simple=Eenvoudig, onnozel
Bell-weather=Een Hamel met een bel aan

Burgersdijk notes:
God late u de schillen van de oogen vallen, God geneze u (door een operatie)! gij zijt rauw, d. i. niet toebereid, niet gaar.

Topics: preparation, skill/talent, work, honesty, integrity, envy

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.3
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Alas, what danger will it be to us,
Maids as we are, to travel forth so far?
Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.
CELIA
I’ll put myself in poor and mean attire
And with a kind of umber smirch my face.
The like do you. So shall we pass along
And never stir assailants.
ROSALIND
Were it not better,
Because that I am more than common tall,
That I did suit me all points like a man?
A gallant curtal-axe upon my thigh,
A boar-spear in my hand, and in my heart
Lie there what hidden woman’s fear there will,
We’ll have a swashing and a martial outside—
As many other mannish cowards have
That do outface it with their semblances.

DUTCH:
Ik steek mij in een sober kleed, en geef
Met omber mijn gelaat een bruine kleur;
Doe even zoo, dan gaan wij onzes weegs,
En trekken niemands aandacht.

MORE:
Umber=Pigment
Smirch=Besmirch
Stir=Provoke
Suit me=Dress myself
All points=In all ways
Curtal-axe=Cutlass
Swashing=Swashbuckling, swagger
Outface=Bluff out
Semblances=By acting or looking brave
Compleat:
To stir=Beweegen; verwekken
To outface one=Iemand iets stoutelyk opstryden, iemand iets met styve kaaken onststryden
A swashbuckler=Een snoeshaan
Semblance=Gelykenis, schyn

Topics: appearance, deceit, manipulation

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
I almost die for food, and let me have it.
DUKE SENIOR
Sit down and feed, and welcome to our table.
ORLANDO
Speak you so gently? Pardon me, I pray you.
I thought that all things had been savage here,
And therefore put I on the countenance
Of stern commandment. But whate’er you are
That in this desert inaccessible,
Under the shade of melancholy boughs,
Lose and neglect the creeping hours of time,
If ever you have looked on better days,
If ever been where bells have knolled to church,
If ever sat at any good man’s feast,
If ever from your eyelids wiped a tear
And know what ’tis to pity and be pitied,
Let gentleness my strong enforcement be,
In the which hope I blush and hide my sword.

DUTCH:
Spreekt gij zoo vriend’lijk, o vergeef mij dan!
Mij dacht, dat alles woest hier wezen zou;
En daarom nam ik toon en houding aan
Van ‘t barsch bevel.

MORE:
Gentle=Used in polite address or as a complimentary epoithet; tame
Put on a countenance=Give the appearance
Knolled=Summoned by bells
Gentleness=Gentility; kindness, mild manners
Enforcement=Persuasive power
Compleat:
Gentle (mild or moderate)=Zagtmoedig, maatig
To knoll bells=(also knowl) De klokken luyden
Genteel (or gallant)=Hoffelyk, wellevend; Genteel (that has a genteel carriage)=Bevallig
To enforce=Dwingen, opdwingen

Topics: language, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
Shall I keep your hogs and eat husks with them? What
prodigal portion have I spent that I should come to such
penury?
OLIVER
Know you where you are, sir?
ORLANDO
O sir, very well: here in your orchard.
OLIVER
Know you before whom, sir?
ORLANDO
Ay, better than him I am before knows me. I know you
are my eldest brother, and in the gentle condition of
blood you should so know me. The courtesy of nations
allows you my better, in that you are the first-born,
but the same tradition takes not away my blood, were
there twenty brothers betwixt us. I have as much of my
father in me as you, albeit, I confess, your coming
before me is nearer to his reverence.

DUTCH:
De begunstiging van de volkswet erkent u als mijn meerdere, omdat gij de eerstgeborene zijt; maar ditzelfde aloud gebruik ontneemt mij het recht van mijn geboorte niet, al waren er twintig broeders tusschen ons in.

MORE:
But poor=A measly, only (a miserable)
On his blessing=In order to obtain his blessing
Breed=Educate, bring up
School=University
Profit=Progress, advancement
Stays=Detains
Unkept=Unkempt
Fair with=Blossom because of
Manège=Paces
Dearly=Expensively
Bound=Indebted
Countenance=Behaviour, attitude
Hinds=Farmhands
Mines=Undermines
Compleat:
But=Maar, of, dan, behalven, maar alleen
Poor=(mean, pitiful) Arm, elendig
Blessing=Zegening
Breed=Teelen, werpen; voortbrengen; veroorzaaken; opvoeden
Profit=Voordeel, gewin, nut, profyt, winst, baat
To stay=Wagten
Dear=Duurgekocht
Bound=Gebonden, verbonden, verpligt, dienstbaar
Out of countenance=Bedeesd, verbaasd, ontsteld, ontroerd

Topics: learning/education, order/society, status, equality, civility

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Indeed, there is Fortune too hard for Nature, when
Fortune makes Nature’s natural the cutter-off of
Nature’s wit.
CELIA
Peradventure this is not Fortune’s work neither, but
Nature’s, who perceiveth our natural wits too dull to
reason of such goddesses, and hath sent this natural for
our whetstone, for always the dullness of the fool is
the whetstone of the wits. How now, wit, whither wander
you?
TOUCHSTONE
Mistress, you must come away to your father.
CELIA
Were you made the messenger?
TOUCHSTONE
No, by mine honor, but I was bid to come for you.

DUTCH:
Wie weet, misschien is ook dit niet het werk van Fortuin, maar van Natuur, die, bespeurende dat onze natuurlijke geest te bot is om over zulke godinnen te redeneeren, ons dezen botterik voor slijpsteen gezonden heeft; want steeds is de botheid van den nar de wetsteen der wijzen.

MORE:
Peradventure=Perhaps
Reason=Debate, speak of
Natural=Idiot (name for fools and clowns)
Dullness=Stupidity, bluntness
Wit, whither wander you=Saying use for those who talk without thinking
Compleat:
Peradventure=Bygeval, misschien
To whet a knife=een Mes wetten (of slypen)
Whet-stone=een Wetsteen, Slypsteen
Whetted=Gewet, gesleepen, scherp gemaakt
A natural fool=Een geboren gek
Dullness=Botheyd, stompheyd, domheyd, loomheyd, dofheyd, vadsigheyd

Topics: fate/destiny, intellect, nature

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
No, fair princess. He is the general challenger. I come
but in as others do, to try with him the strength of my
youth.
CELIA
Young gentleman, your spirits are too bold for your
years. You have seen cruel proof of this man’s strength.
If you saw yourself with your eyes or knew yourself
with your judgment, the fear of your adventure would
counsel you to a more equal enterprise. We pray you for
your own sake to embrace your own safety and give over
this attempt.
ROSALIND
Do, young sir. Your reputation shall not therefore be
misprized. We will make it our suit to the duke that the
wrestling might not go forward.
ORLANDO
I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts,
wherein I confess me much guilty to deny so fair and
excellent ladies anything. But let your fair eyes and
gentle wishes go with me to my trial, wherein, if I be
foiled, there is but one shamed that was never gracious;
if killed, but one dead that was willing to be so. I
shall do my friends no wrong, for I have none to lament
me; the world no injury, for in it I have nothing. Only
in the world I fill up a place which may be better
supplied when I have made it empty.

DUTCH:
Kondt gij uzelven met uw eigen oordeel zien, of met uw eigen oordeel goed toetsen, dan zou de beduchtheid voor dit waagstuk u een meer gelijken wedstrijd aanraden.

MORE:
Try=Test
Fear=Formidable nature
Counsel you to=Sway you towards
Equal=Equal to you, suitable
Embrace=Cherish
Misprize=(misprise) Undervalue, despise, slight
Compleat:
To try=Beproeven
Fear=Vreeze, bevreesdheid, vervaerdheid
Counsel=Raad, onderrechting
Equal=Wedergade
His strength equalled his courage=Zyne kracht kwam met zynen moet overeen
Embrace=(to receive or embrace an opinion): Een gevoelen omhelzen
Misprision=Verwaarloozing, verzuyming, verachteloozing

Topics: advice, age/experience, courage, caution, reputation

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.1
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
“Thank God.” A good answer. Art rich?
WILLIAM
‘Faith, sir, so-so.
TOUCHSTONE
“So-so” is good, very good, very excellent good. And
yet it is not: it is but so-so. Art thou wise?
WILLIAM
Ay, sir, I have a pretty wit.
TOUCHSTONE
Why, thou sayst well. I do now remember a saying: “The
fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows
himself to be a fool.” The heathen philosopher, when he
had a desire to eat a grape, would open his lips when he
put it into his mouth, meaning thereby that grapes were
made to eat and lips to open.

DUTCH:
Zoo, goed gezegd! Ik herinner mij daar een spreuk:
„De dwaas denkt, dat hij wijs is, maar de wijze weet,
dat hij een dwaas is

MORE:
Proverb:
The wise man knows himself to be a fool, the fool thinks he is wise

Topics: intellect, appearance, wisdom, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER:
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Well, in her person I say I will not have you.
ORLANDO
Then, in mine own person I die.
ROSALIND
No, faith, die by attorney. The poor world is almost
six thousand years old, and in all this time there was
not any man died in his own person, videlicet, in a love
cause. Troilus had his brains dashed out with a Grecian
club, yet he did what he could to die before, and he is
one of the patterns of love. Leander, he would have
lived many a fair year though Hero had turned nun if it
had not been for a hot midsummer night, for, good youth,
he went but forth to wash him in the Hellespont and,
being taken with the cramp, was drowned; and the foolish
chroniclers of that age found it was Hero of Sestos.
But these are all lies. Men have died from time to time,
and worms have eaten them, but not for love.
ORLANDO
I would not have my right Rosalind of this mind, for I
protest her frown might kill me.

DUTCH:
(…) en toen hebben de
dwaze kroniekschrijvers van dien tijd de uitspraak gedaan,
dat Hero van Sestos het hem gedaan had. Maar
dit is alles leugenpraat; de menschen zijn van tijd tot
tijd gestorven en door wormen gegeten, maar niet van
liefde.

MORE:
Videlicet=That is to say
Troilus=In Greek mythology, Troilus and Leander both died tragically for love
Found it was=Ascribed it to
Chroniclers=Writers of chronicles
Right=Genuine, true
Compleat:
Ascribe=Toeschryven, toegeeigend
To chronicle=In eenen kronyk aanschryven
Chronicler=Een kronykschryver
Right=(true) Recht, geschikt, gevoeglyk; oprecht, voor de vuist

Topics: love, life, death, news

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
CELIA
My father’s love is enough to honour him. Enough. Speak
no more of him; you’ll be whipped for taxation one of these days.
TOUCHSTONE
The more pity that fools may not speak wisely what wise
men do foolishly.
CELIA
By my troth, thou sayest true. For, since the little
wit that fools have was silenced, the little foolery
that wise men have makes a great show. Here comes
Monsieur Le Beau.
ROSALIND
With his mouth full of news.
CELIA
Which he will put on us as pigeons feed their young.
ROSALIND
Then shall we be news-crammed.

DUTCH:
Des te erger, als dwazen niet meer in hun wijsheid mogen zeggen, wat wijze lui in hun dwaasheid doen.

MORE:
Proverb: The wise man knows himself to be a fool, the fool thinks he is wise

‘Silenced’ is probably a topical reference, either to new restraints imposed on theatrical companies or to the burning of satirical books in 1599.

Whipping was a cruel punishment. In the days of Henry VIII an Act decreed that vagrants were to be carried to some market town, or other place, and there tied to the end of a cart, naked, and beaten with whips throughout such market-town, or other place, till the body should be bloody by reason of such whipping. The punishment was mitigated in Elizabeth’s reign, to the extent that vagrants need only to be “stripped naked from the middle upwards and whipped till the body should be bloody”.

Whipped=Censure, satire, invective “You’ll be whipped for taxation one of these days”.
Foolery=Absurdity
News-crammed=Full of news (and therefore valuable on the market)
Compleat:
Whipped=Gegeesseld
Foolery=Malligheid
Cram=Kroppen, proppen, mesten, overladen

Topics: pity, wisdom, language, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.1
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Then learn this of me: to have is to have. For it is a
figure in rhetoric that drink, being poured out of a cup
into a glass, by filling the one doth empty the other.
For all your writers do consent that ipse is “he.” Now,
you are not ipse, for I am he.
WILLIAM
Which he, sir?
TOUCHSTONE
He, sir, that must marry this woman. Therefore, you
clown, abandon—which is, in the vulgar, “leave”—the
society—which in the boorish is “company”—of this
female—which in the common is “woman” ; which together
is, abandon the society of this female, or, clown, thou
perishest; or, to thy better understanding, diest; or,
to wit, I kill thee, make thee away, translate thy life
into death, thy liberty into bondage. I will deal in
poison with thee, or in bastinado, or in steel. I will
bandy with thee in faction. I will o’errun thee with
policy. I will kill thee a hundred and fifty ways.
Therefore tremble and depart.
AUDREY
Do, good William.
WILLIAM
God rest you merry, sir.

DUTCH:
Leer dan dit van mij. Hebben is hebben; want het
is een redekunstige figuur, dat drinken, als het van een
beker in een glas wordt overgegoten; het eene vol en
het andere ledig maakt

MORE:
Learn of=Learn from
Figure=Figure of speech
Ipse=He himself
Bastinado=Beating
Bandy=Compete
Faction=Insults
Policy=Art, cunning, skil
Compleat:
Figure (of grammer or rhetorick)=Eenbloem in de redeneerkunde
Bastinado=Stokslagen
Bandy=Een bal weer toeslaan; een zaak voor en tegen betwisten
Faction=Samenrotting, saamenspanning, oproerige party, rot, aanhang, partyschap, verdeeldheid
Policy (conduct, address, cunning way)=Staatkunde, beleid, behendigheid

Topics: learning/education, language, intellect

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
A fool, a fool, I met a fool i’ th’ forest,
A motley fool. A miserable world!
As I do live by food, I met a fool,
Who laid him down and basked him in the sun
And railed on Lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms, and yet a motley fool.
“Good morrow, fool,” quoth I. “No, sir,” quoth he,
“Call me not ‘fool’ till heaven hath sent me fortune.”
And then he drew a dial from his poke
And, looking on it with lackluster eye,
Says very wisely, “It is ten o’clock.
Thus we may see,” quoth he, “how the world wags.
‘Tis but an hour ago since it was nine,
And after one hour more ’twill be eleven.
And so from hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale.” When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time,
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer
That fools should be so deep-contemplative,
And I did laugh sans intermission
An hour by his dial. O noble fool!
A worthy fool! Motley’s the only wear.

DUTCH:
En dit geeft dan een sprookjen

MORE:
Proverb: Thereby hangs (lies) a tale
Proverb: Fortune favours fools

Motley=Multicoloured jester outfit
Set=Composed
Rail=To use reproachful language, to scold in opprobrious terms
Poke=Pouch or pocket
Lacklustre=Lacking radiance, gloss or brightness (Latin lustrare).
Dial=(Fob)watch
Poke=Pouch, pocket
Moral=Moralise
Deep=Profoundly
Chanticleer=Rooster
Compleat:
Motley=Een grove gemengelde
To rail=Schelden
To wag (to move or stir)=Schudden, beweegen
Poke=Zak
Lustre=Luyster
Dial=Wysplaat
To moralize=Een zedelyke uitlegging of toepassing op iets maaken
Deep=Diepzinnig

Topics: proverbs and idioms, still in use, blame, nature, time

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.3
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
O good old man, how well in thee appears
The constant service of the antique world,
When service sweat for duty, not for meed.
Thou art not for the fashion of these times,
Where none will sweat but for promotion,
And having that do choke their service up
Even with the having. It is not so with thee.
But, poor old man, thou prun’st a rotten tree
That cannot so much as a blossom yield
In lieu of all thy pains and husbandry.
But come thy ways. We’ll go along together,
And ere we have thy youthful wages spent,
We’ll light upon some settled low content.
ADAM
Master, go on, and I will follow thee
To the last gasp, with truth and loyalty.
From seventeen years till now almost fourscore
Here livèd I, but now live here no more.
At seventeen years, many their fortunes seek,
But at fourscore, it is too late a week.
Yet fortune cannot recompense me better
Than to die well, and not my master’s debtor.

DUTCH:
Gij volgt niet, neen, de mode dezer dagen,
Nu niemand zwoegen wil, dan om wat winst,
En hij, die winst bekomt, in ‘t voordeel zelf
Zijn ijver smoort

MORE:
Constant=Faithful
Antic=Ancient; (O. Edd. promiscuously antick and antique, but always accented on the first syllable), adj. belonging to the times, or resembling the manners of antiquity
Sweat=Toil, labour
Constant=Faithful
Choke up (Reflectively)=Oppress, make away with, kill; Stop, cease
Low content=Humble contentment
Meed=Reward, recompense, hire
Compleat:
Meed=Belooning, vergelding, verdiensten
Constant=Standvastig, bestending, gestadig
To choke=Verstkken, verwurgen
Contentment=Vergenoeging, vergenoegdheyd, voldoening

Topics: duty, age/experience, work, loyalty, achievement, fashion/trends

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.4
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Alas, poor shepherd, searching of thy wound,
I have by hard adventure found mine own.
TOUCHSTONE
And I mine. I remember when I was in love I broke my
sword upon a stone and bid him take that for coming anight
to Jane Smile. And I remember the kissing of her
batler, and the cow’s dugs that her pretty chapped hands
had milked. And I remember the wooing of a peascod
instead of her, from whom I took two cods and, giving
her them again, said with weeping tears, “Wear these for
my sake.” We that are true lovers run into strange
capers. But as all is mortal in nature, so is all nature
in love mortal in folly.
ROSALIND
Thou speak’st wiser than thou art ware of.
TOUCHSTONE
Nay, I shall ne’er be ware of mine own wit till I break
my shins against it.

DUTCH:
Gij spreekt wijzer, dan gij zelf gewaar wordt

MORE:
Searching of=Probing
Caper=A leap, a spring, in dancing or mirth: “we that are true lovers run into strange –s,”
Folly=Foolishness
Ware=Aware; cautious
Compleat:
Caper=een Kaper, als mede een Sprong
Folly=Dwaasheid, zotheid, zotterny
Folly (Vice, excess, imperfection)=Ondeugd, buitenspoorigheid, onvolmaaktheid

Topics: love, wisdom, life, nature

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
LE BEAU
Neither his daughter, if we judge by manners,
But yet indeed the smaller is his daughter
The other is daughter to the banished duke,
And here detained by her usurping uncle
To keep his daughter company, whose loves
Are dearer than the natural bond of sisters.
But I can tell you that of late this duke
Hath ta’en displeasure ‘gainst his gentle niece,
Grounded upon no other argument
But that the people praise her for her virtues
And pity her for her good father’s sake;
And, on my life, his malice ‘gainst the lady
Will suddenly break forth. Sir, fare you well.
Hereafter, in a better world than this,
I shall desire more love and knowledge of you.
ORLANDO
I rest much bounden to you. Fare you well.
Thus must I from the smoke into the smother,
From tyrant duke unto a tyrant brother.
But heavenly Rosalind!

DUTCH:
Thans voort, uit smook naar ‘t hol, waar smoring wacht,
Uit vorstendwang in ‘s boozen broeders macht!

MORE:
Proverb: Shunning the smoke, he fell into the fire (Tilley 570)
Fumum fugiens, in ignem incidi – Fleeing from the smoke I fell into the fire

Smother=Thick, suffocating smoke (From the frying pan into the fire.)
Manners=Morals, character
Argument=Reason
Bounden=Obliged, indebted
Compleat:
Manners=Zeden, manieren, manierlykheid
Argument=Bewys, bewysreden, dringreden; kort begrip der zaak die te bewyzen staat; inhoud
Bounden=Schuldig. Bounden duty=Schuldigen pligt

Topics: fate/destiny, relationship, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
And why not the swift foot of time? Had not that been
as proper?
ROSALIND
By no means, sir. Time travels in diverse paces with
diverse persons. I’ll tell you who time ambles withal,
who time trots withal, who time gallops withal, and who
he stands still withal.
ORLANDO
I prithee, who doth he trot withal?
ROSALIND
Marry, he trots hard with a young maid between the
contract of her marriage and the day it is solemnized.
If the interim be but a se’nnight, time’s pace is so hard
that it seems the length of seven year.
ORLANDO
Who ambles time withal?
ROSALIND
With a priest that lacks Latin and a rich man that hath n
ot the gout, for the one sleeps easily because he
cannot study and the other lives merrily because he
feels no pain—the one lacking the burden of lean and
wasteful learning, the other knowing no burden of heavy
tedious penury. These time ambles withal.
ORLANDO
Who doth he gallop withal?
ROSALIND
With a thief to the gallows, for though he go as softly
as foot can fall, he thinks himself too soon there.
ORLANDO
Who stays it still withal?
ROSALIND
With lawyers in the vacation, for they sleep between
term and term, and then they perceive not how time moves.

DUTCH:
Volstrekt niet, heer; de Tijd reist met verschillende
personen in verschillenden gang. Ik kan u zeggen, met
wie de Tijd den tel gaat, met wie de Tijd draaft, met
wie de Tijd galoppeert en met wie hij stil staat.

MORE:
Withal=With
Proper=Appropriate
Paces=Speeds
Se’ennight=Week
Hard=Slow
Wasteful=Exhausting
Penury=Poverty and indigence
Term=The time in which a court is held for the trial of causes. The legal year was divided into terms with recesses in between
Compleat:
Withall=Daar beneeven, mede, met eene
Proper=Bequaam, van een bequaame lengte
Pace=Een stap, treede, schreede, tred, gang, pas, voortgang
Wasted=Verwoest, vervallen, uitgeteerd
Penury=Behoeftigheid, armoede, gebrek
The four terms of the year=De vier gezette Rechtsdagen in ‘t jaar

Topics: time, lawyers, life, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Alas the day, what shall I do with my doublet and
hose? What did he when thou saw’st him? What said he?
How looked he? Wherein went he? What makes him here?
Did he ask for me? Where remains he? How parted he with thee?
And when shalt thou see him again? Answer me in one word.
CELIA
You must borrow me Gargantua’s mouth first. ‘Tis a
word too great for any mouth of this age’s size. To say
ay and no to these particulars is more than to answer in
a catechism.
ROSALIND
But doth he know that I am in this forest and in man’s
apparel? Looks he as freshly as he did the day he
wrestled?
CELIA
It is as easy to count atomies as to resolve the
propositions of a lover. But take a taste of my finding
him, and relish it with good observance. I found him
under a tree like a dropped acorn.

DUTCH:
Dan moet gij eerst Gargantua’s mond voor mij huren;
want dat woord is veel te groot voor een mond van het
hedendaagsche formaat.

MORE:
Gargantua=Rabelais’ giant (giant with an enormous appetite}.
Particular=A single point, single thing; minute detail of things singly enumerated
Catechism=Series of questions and answers used to teach religious principles
Atomies=Specks, motes
Resolve=Answer
Propositions=Questions
Relish=Enhance
Good observance=Paying close attention
Compleat:
Particular=Byzonder, zonderling, byzonderheid
I don’t remember every particular of it=Ik heb juist alle de byzonderheden daarvan niet onthouden
Cathechism=Een mondelyke onderwyzing, geloofs-onderwyzing, Katechismus
Atom=Een ziertje, ondeelbaar stofken
To resolve upon something=Iets bepaalen
Proposition=Voorstel; Een sluitreden over eenig onderwerp
To relish=Smaakellyk maaken
Observance=Gedienstigheid, eerbiedigheid, opmerking, waarneeming

Burgersdijk notes:
Gargantua’s mond. De reus Gargantua, uit Rabelais’ beroemden satyrischen roman, die eens (Livre I, Ch, 38) saladeplanten, zoo groot als pruim- of noteboomen, waartussvhen zes pelgrims lagen te rusten, verzamelde, en toevallig de pelgrims ook meenam, de salade in een reuzenschotel klaar maakte en de arme drommels achtereenvolgens in den mond kreeg, zonder het te merken; zij moesten met hunne pelgrimsstokken rondspringen om niet tusschen zijne kiezen te geraken en niet met het drinken ingezwolgen te worden; gelukkig werden zij door hem, weder zonder dat hij er eenig vermoeden van had, met zijn tandenstoker uit hun benauwden toestand bevrijd.

Topics: language, reply

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
True is it that we have seen better days
And have with holy bell been knolled to church,
And sat at good men’s feasts and wiped our eyes
Of drops that sacred pity hath engendered.
And therefore sit you down in gentleness,
And take upon command what help we have
That to your wanting may be ministered.
ORLANDO
Then but forbear your food a little while
Whiles, like a doe, I go to find my fawn
And give it food. There is an old poor man
Who after me hath many a weary step
Limped in pure love. Till he be first sufficed,
Oppressed with two weak evils, age and hunger,
I will not touch a bit.

DUTCH:
Waar is het, dat wij beter dagen kenden,
Door heil’ge klokken kerkwaarts zijn genood,

MORE:
Shakespeare is credited with coining the phrase “seen better days” but it had been recorded previously in a play by Sir Thomas More (1590).
The phrase, which at the time referred to those who come on hard times, is still in use although it is now also to describe objects that are past their best.

Knoll=Summon by bells
Gentleness=Gentility; kindness, mild manners
Wanting=Needs
Minister=Administer (medicines), to prescribe, to order
Forbear=Avoid, leave alone
Sufficed=Satisfied
Weak=Debilitating
Compleat:
Forbear=Zich van onthouden
To suffice=Genoeg zyn
Gentle (mild or moderate)=Zagtmoedig, maatig
To knoll bells=(also knowl) De klokken luyden
Genteel (or gallant)=Hoffelyk, wellevend; Genteel (that has a genteel carriage)=Bevallig

Topics: still in use, invented or popularised, wellbeing

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
Such a one is a natural philosopher. Wast ever in court, shepherd?
CORIN
No, truly.
TOUCHSTONE
Then thou art damned.
CORIN
Nay, I hope.
TOUCHSTONE
Truly, thou art damned, like an ill-roasted egg, all on one side.
CORIN
For not being at court? Your reason.
TOUCHSTONE
Why, if thou never wast at court, thou never sawest good manners; if thou never sawest good manners, then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation. Thou art in a parlous state, shepherd.
CORIN
Not a whit, Touchstone: those that are good manners at the court are as ridiculous in the country as the behavior of the country is most mockable at the court.
TOUCHSTONE
Instance, briefly. Come, instance.

DUTCH:
Waarachtig, gij wordt gebraden, evenals een slecht gebraden ei, aldoor aan éen kant.

MORE:
Wast=Wast thou
Ill-roasted=Unevenly cooked
Manners=Polite behaviour, morals
Parlous=Perilous, in danger
Behaviour=Conduct
Compleat:
Over-roasted=Al te lang gebraaden
Thou wast=Gy waart
Manners=Zeden, manieren, manierlykheid
Parlous=Gevaarlyk, loos; Onvergelykelyk, weergaloos
Behaviour=Gedrag, handel en wandel, ommegang, aanstelling

Topics: insult, order/society, status, civility

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.5
SPEAKER: Amiens
CONTEXT:
Under the greenwood tree,
Who loves to lie with me
And tune his merry note,
Unto the sweet bird’s throat;
Come hither, come hither, come hither.
Here shall he see No enemy
But winter and rough weather

Who doth ambition shun
And loves to live i’ the sun,
Seeking the food he eats,
And pleased with what he gets,
Come hither, come hither, come hither:
Here shall he see
No enemy
But winter and rough weather.

If it do come to pass
That any man turn ass,
Leaving his wealth and ease,
A stubborn will to please,
Ducdame, ducdame, ducdame:
Here shall he see
Gross fools as he,
An if he will come to me.

DUTCH:
Al wie in ‘t groene woud
Van vredig leven houdt,
En graag een liedjen zingt,
Als ‘t vogelkeeltjen klinkt,
Die vlij’ zich hier neder, hier neder;
Niets, dat in ‘t veld
Hem grieft of kwelt,
Dan kou soms en ruw weder.

MORE:
Proverb: A bad bush is better than the open field

“Under the Greenwood Tree” has been used since, e.g. Name of a song, Novel by Thomas Hardy. The phrase is said to have originated from before Shakespeare’s time, in the Robin Hood balllads: ‘We be yemen of this foreste / Vnder the grene wode tre’.

Topics: provebs and idioms, still in use, nature, truth

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
LE BEAU
What colour, madam? How shall I answer you?
ROSALIND
As wit and fortune will.
TOUCHSTONE
Or as the Destinies decrees.
CELIA
Well said. That was laid on with a trowel.
TOUCHSTONE
Nay, if I keep not my rank—
ROSALIND
Thou losest thy old smell.

DUTCH:
Goed gezegd! dat werd daar nog wat aangevet!

MORE:
Colour=Kind
To lay it on with a trowel=To exaggerate, often with flattery
Rankness=The state of being overgrown and stinking, used of weeds
Compleat:
Colour=Koleur, schyn, dekmantel
Trowel (trowl)=Troffel
Rankness (or fruitfulness)=Vruchtbaarheid
Rankness (or superfluity of leaves, branches)=Weeligheid
Rankness (or strong smell)=Sterkheid van lucht

Topics: flattery, fate/destiny, invented or popularised, still in use

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.3
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
No, truly, unless thou wert hard-favoured, for honesty
coupled to beauty is to have honey a sauce to sugar.
JAQUES
A material fool.
AUDREY
Well, I am not fair, and therefore I pray the gods make
me honest.
TOUCHSTONE
Truly, and to cast away honesty upon a foul slut were
to put good meat into an unclean dish.
AUDREY
I am not a slut, though I thank the gods I am foul.
TOUCHSTONE
Well, praised be the gods for thy foulness;
sluttishness may come hereafter. But be it as it may be,
I will marry thee; and to that end I have been with Sir
Oliver Martext, the vicar of the next village, who hath
promised to meet me in this place of the forest and to
couple us.
JAQUES
I would fain see this meeting.

DUTCH:
Nu, dank de goden alvast voor uw leelijkheid, de slonsigheid
kan nog komen.

MORE:
Hard-favoured=Ugly
Material=With good sense
Fain=Very much like
Compleat:
Ill-favoured=Leelyk, afschuwelyk
Material=Van belang
Fain=Gaern

Topics: appearance, marriage, relationship, respect

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend me,
and by all pretty oaths that are not dangerous, if you
break one jot of your promise or come one minute behind
your hour, I will think you the most pathetical
break-promise and the most hollow lover and the most
unworthy of her you call Rosalind that may be chosen out
of the gross band of the unfaithful. Therefore beware
my censure, and keep your promise.
ORLANDO
With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my
Rosalind.
So, adieu.
ROSALIND
Well, time is the old justice that examines all such
offenders, and let time try. Adieu.

DUTCH:
Nu, de Tijd is de oude rechter, die al zulke euveldaders
oordeelt; de Tijd moge uitspraak doen.

MORE:
Proverb: Time tries all things

So God mend me=A mild oath
Behind your hour=Late
Pathetical=Pathetic (wretched and deplorable)
Gross=Entire
Religion=Fidelity
Try=Test
Compleat:
Pathetical=Beweegelyk, hartroerend, zielroerend
Gross=Gros
Try=Beproeven

Topics: judgment, time, offence, justice, law/legal, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Le Beau
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
What passion hangs these weights upon my tongue?
I cannot speak to her, yet she urged conference.
O poor Orlando! Thou art overthrown.
Or Charles or something weaker masters thee.
LE BEAU
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you
To leave this place. Albeit you have deserved
High commendation, true applause, and love,
Yet such is now the duke’s condition
That he misconsters all that you have done.
The duke is humorous. What he is indeed
More suits you to conceive than I to speak of.
ORLANDO
I thank you, sir, and pray you tell me this:
Which of the two was daughter of the duke
That here was at the wrestling?
LE BEAU
Neither his daughter, if we judge by manners,
But yet indeed the smaller is his daughter
The other is daughter to the banished duke,
And here detained by her usurping uncle
To keep his daughter company, whose loves
Are dearer than the natural bond of sisters.
But I can tell you that of late this duke
Hath ta’en displeasure ‘gainst his gentle niece,
Grounded upon no other argument
But that the people praise her for her virtues
And pity her for her good father’s sake;
And, on my life, his malice ‘gainst the lady
Will suddenly break forth. Sir, fare you well.
Hereafter, in a better world than this,
I shall desire more love and knowledge of you.

DUTCH:
Wat hartstocht slaat mijn tong in zwaren boei?
Ik kon niet spreken, schoon zij ‘t wenschte, en drong.

MORE:
Conference=Discourse, discussion
Condition=Disposition
Misconster=Misconstrue
Humorous=Temperamental
Manners=Morals, character
Argument=Reason
Compleat:
Conference=Onderhandeling, t’zamenspraak, mondgemeenschap
Condition=Aardt, gesteltenis
Misconstrue=Misduyden, verkeerd uytleggen
Humoursom (humerous)=Eigenzinnig, koppig, styfhoofdig, eenzinnig
Manners=Zeden, manieren, manierlykheid
Argument=Bewys, bewysreden, dringreden; kort begrip der zaak die te bewyzen staat; inhoud

Topics: emotion and mood, status, civility, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Oliver
CONTEXT:
OLIVER
Was not Charles, the duke’s wrestler, here to speak
with me?
DENNIS
So please you, he is here at the door and importunes
access to you.
OLIVER
Call him in.
‘Twill be a good way, and tomorrow the wrestling is.
match.
CHARLES
Good morrow to your Worship.
OLIVER
Good Monsieur Charles, what’s the new news at the new
court?
CHARLES
There’s no news at the court, sir, but the old news.
That is, the old duke is banished by his younger brother
the new duke, and three or four loving lords have put
themselves into voluntary exile with him, whose lands
and revenues enrich the new duke. Therefore he gives
them good leave to wander.

DUTCH:
Zoo, monsieur Charles! wat is het nieuwste nieuws aan het nieuwe hof ?

MORE:
Importunes=Seeks, begs
Good leave=Full permission
Compleat:
Importune=Lastig vallen, zeer dringen, gestadig aanhouden, overdringen, aandringen
To give leave=Verlof geeven, veroorloven

Topics: order/society, news

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.3
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
When a man’s verses cannot be understood nor a man’s
good wit seconded with the forward child, understanding,
it strikes a man more dead than a great reckoning in a
little room. Truly, I would the gods had made thee
poetical.
AUDREY
I do not know what “poetical” is. Is it honest in deed
and word? Is it a true thing?
TOUCHSTONE
No, truly, for the truest poetry is the most feigning,
and lovers are given to poetry, and what they swear in
poetry may be said as lovers they do feign.
AUDREY
Do you wish then that the gods had made me poetical?
TOUCHSTONE
I do, truly, for thou swear’st to me thou art honest.
Now, if thou wert a poet, I might have some hope thou
didst feign.

DUTCH:
Als iemands verzen niet begrepen worden en iemands geestigheid niet wordt bijgestaan door het voorlijke kind Verstand,

MORE:
Seconded with=Supported by
Reckoning (substantively)=The money charged by a host (a Bill)
Honest=Respectable
Feigning=Imaginative (and thus deceptive)
Feign=Pretend
Honest=Chaste
Compleat:
Seconded=Bygestaan, bygesprongen, geholpen
Reckoning=(in a public house) Gelach
Honest=Eerlyk, oprecht, vroom
Feigning=Verdichting, veynzing

Topics: intellect, understanding, skill/talent, language

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.3
SPEAKER: Adam
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
What, wouldst thou have me go and beg my food,
Or with a base and boist’rous sword enforce
A thievish living on the common road?
This I must do, or know not what to do.
Yet this I will not do, do how I can.
I rather will subject me to the malice
Of a diverted blood and bloody brother.
ADAM
But do not so. I have five hundred crowns,
The thrifty hire I saved under your father,
Which I did store to be my foster nurse
When service should in my old limbs lie lame
And unregarded age in corners thrown.
Take that, and He that doth the ravens feed,
Yea, providently caters for the sparrow,
Be comfort to my age. Here is the gold.
All this I give you. Let me be your servant.
Though I look old, yet I am strong and lusty,
For in my youth I never did apply
Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood
Nor did not with unbashful forehead woo
The means of weakness and debility.
Therefore my age is as a lusty winter,
Frosty but kindly. Let me go with you.
I’ll do the service of a younger man
In all your business and necessities.

DUTCH:
Het moest mij voedsterdiensten doen, wanneer
De kracht in de oude leden wierd verlamd
En grijsheid achtloos in den hoek gedrongen.

MORE:
Thrifty hire=Employment savings
Blood=Familial relationship
Lusty=Vigorous
Rebellious=Inflammatory
Unbashful=Bold, without modesty
Compleat:
Thrifty=Zuynig, spaarzaam
Lusty=Lustig
Rebellious=Wederspannig, wederhoorig, muytzuchtig
Bashful=Schaamachtig, bloode

Topics: age/experience, life, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.1
SPEAKER: First Lord
CONTEXT:
DUKE SENIOR
But what said Jaques?
Did he not moralise this spectacle?
FIRST LORD
Oh, yes, into a thousand similes.
First, for his weeping into the needless stream:
“Poor deer,” quoth he, “thou mak’st a testament
As worldlings do, giving thy sum of more
To that which had too much.” Then, being there alone,
Left and abandoned of his velvet friend,
“’Tis right,” quoth he. “Thus misery doth part
The flux of company.” Anon a careless herd,
Full of the pasture, jumps along by him
And never stays to greet him. “Ay,” quoth Jaques,
“Sweep on, you fat and greasy citizens.
‘Tis just the fashion. Wherefore do you look
Upon that poor and broken bankrupt there?”
Thus most invectively he pierceth through
The body of the country, city, court,
Yea, and of this our life, swearing that we
Are mere usurpers, tyrants, and what’s worse,
To fright the animals and to kill them up
In their assigned and native dwelling place.
DUKE SENIOR
And did you leave him in this contemplation?
SECOND LORD
We did, my lord, weeping and commenting
Upon the sobbing deer.
DUKE SENIOR
Show me the place.
I love to cope him in these sullen fits,
For then he’s full of matter.
FIRST LORD
I’ll bring you to him straight.

DUTCH:
Waarom zoudt gij ook
Naar dien bankroeten armen drommel omzien?

MORE:
Moralise=Draw morals from
Quoth=Said
Worldlings=Mere mortals
Velvet=Smooth, prosperous
Flux=Stream
Anon=Soon
Careless=Carefree
By=Past
Wherefore=Why
Mere=Absolute
Cope=Encounter
Matter=Substance, ideas
Straight=Immediately
Compleat:
To moralize=Een zedelyke uitlegging of toepassing op iets maaken
Quoth=Zeide
Worldling=Een waereldsch mensch, waereldling
Velvet=Fluweel
Flux=De vloed, loop; flux and reflux=Eb en vloed
Careless=Zorgeloos, kommerloos, achteloos, onachtzaam
Wherefore (or why)=Waarom
Mere (meer)=Louter, enkel
Cope=Handgemeen worden; ruilebuiten
Matter=Stoffe, zaak, oorzaak
Straightway=Eenswegs, terstond, opstaandevoet

Topics: advice, language, nature, life, order/society

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.3
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Come, come, you are a fool,
And turned into the extremity of love.
I saw her hand. She has a leathern hand,
A freestone-colored hand. I verily did think
That her old gloves were on, but ’twas her hands.
She has a huswife’s hand—but that’s no matter.
I say she never did invent this letter.
This is a man’s invention, and his hand.
SILVIUS
Sure it is hers.
ROSALIND
Why, ’tis a boisterous and a cruel style,
A style for challengers. Why, she defies me
Like Turk to Christian. Women’s gentle brain
Could not drop forth such giant-rude invention,
Such Ethiop words, blacker in their effect
Than in their countenance. Will you hear the letter?

DUTCH:
Kom, ‘t is een woeste, wreede stijl, zooals
Uitdagers kiezen; ja zij tart mij uit,
Als Turken ‘t Christ’nen doen

MORE:
Leathern=Leathery, coarse
Free-stone=Yellow limestone
Turk to Christian=Enemies in the Crusades
Ethiop=Black
Countenance=Appearance, face value
Compleat:
Leathern=Lederen, van leer
Free-stone=Hardsteen
Countenance=Gelaat, gezigt, uitzigt, weezen

Topics: language, clarity/precision, discovery, communication

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 4.1
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
Or else she could not have the wit to do this. The wiser, the waywarder. Make the doors upon a woman’s wit, and it will out at the casement. Shut that, and ’twill out at the keyhole. Stop that, ’twill fly with the smoke out at the chimney.
ORLANDO
A man that had a wife with such a wit, he might say “Wit, whither wilt?”
ROSALIND
Nay, you might keep that check for it, till you met your wife’s wit going to your neighbour’s bed.
ORLANDO
And what wit could wit have to excuse that?
ROSALIND
Marry, to say she came to seek you there. You shall
never take her without her answer unless you take her
without her tongue. Oh, that woman that cannot make her
fault her husband’s occasion, let her never nurse her
child herself, for she will breed it like a fool.

DUTCH:
Een man, die een vrouw had met zulk een geest,
mocht wel zeggen: „Geest, geest, waar wilt gij heen ?”

MORE:
Proverb: Wit, whither wilt thou?

Wit=Intellect
Wayward=Capricious and obstinate
Check=Rebuke, reproof; “patience bide each check”.
Compleat:
Wit (understanding)=Vinding, schranderheid, verstand
Wayward=Kribbig, korsel, nors, boos
Check=Berisping, beteugeling, intooming

Topics: intellect, wisdom, marriage, proverbs and idioms, still in use

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER:
CONTEXT:
LE BEAU
You amaze me, ladies. I would have told you of good
wrestling, which you have lost the sight of.
ROSALIND
You tell us the manner of the wrestling.
LE BEAU
I will tell you the beginning, and if it please your
Ladyships, you may see the end, for the best is yet to
do, and here, where you are, they are coming to perform it.
CELIA
Well, the beginning that is dead and buried.

DUTCH:
Gij brengt mij in de war, dames; ik wilde u van een goeden worstelstrijd vertellen, waar u het gezicht van ontgaan is.

MORE:
Amaze=Confuse, dumfound
Yet to do=Still to come
Compleat:
Amaze=Verbaazen, ontzetten
Yet=Nogtans, nog; evenwel, echter

Topics: skill/talentconflict

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
You are full of pretty answers. Have you not been
acquainted with goldsmiths’ wives and conned them out of
rings?
ORLANDO
Not so. But I answer you right painted cloth, from
whence you have studied your questions.
JAQUES
You have a nimble wit. I think ’twas made of Atalanta’s
heels. Will you sit down with me? And we two will rail
against our mistress the world and all our misery.
ORLANDO
I will chide no breather in the world but myself,
against whom I know most faults.

DUTCH:
Gij zit vol puntige antwoorden; hebt gij soms goede
kennissen gehad onder goudsmidsvrouwen en ze van
ringen van buiten geleerd?

MORE:
Gold rings were inscribed with religious or inspirational messages or lines from poems (poesy rings). “Goldsmiths’ wives” indicates courtiers’ scorn for citizen taste.

Pretty=Pleasing, neat, fine
Atalanta= Mentioned above in Orlando’s poem, Atalanta was the daughter of Jasius, swift in running
Rail=To use reproachful language, to scold in opprobrious terms
Compleat:
Pretty (pleasant or agreable)=Aangenaam
Nimble=Gaauw, knaphandig, snel
To rail=Schelden

Topics: reply, justification, reason

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Jaques
CONTEXT:
JAQUES
You are full of pretty answers. Have you not been
acquainted with goldsmiths’ wives and conned them out of
rings?
ORLANDO
Not so. But I answer you right painted cloth, from
whence you have studied your questions.
JAQUES
You have a nimble wit. I think ’twas made of Atalanta’s
heels. Will you sit down with me? And we two will rail
against our mistress the world and all our misery.
ORLANDO
I will chide no breather in the world but myself,
against whom I know most faults.

DUTCH:
Gij hebt een vlug vernuft; ik geloof, dat het van Atalanta’s
hielen gemaakt is. Wilt gij wat naast mij gaan zitten? dan zullen wij beiden eens uitvaren tegen onze meesteres de wereld en al onze ellende.

MORE:
Gold rings were inscribed with religious or inspirational messages or lines from poems (poesy rings). “Goldsmiths’ wives” indicates courtiers’ scorn for citizen taste.

Pretty=Pleasing, neat, fine
Atalanta= Mentioned above in Orlando’s poem, Atalanta was the daughter of Jasius, swift in running
Rail=To use reproachful language, to scold in opprobrious terms
Compleat:
Pretty (pleasant or agreable)=Aangenaam
Nimble=Gaauw, knaphandig, snel
To rail=Schelden

Topics: intellect, money, poverty and wealth

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.1
SPEAKER: Adam
CONTEXT:
ADAM
Sweet masters, be patient. For your father’s
remembrance, be at accord.
OLIVER
Let me go, I say.
ORLANDO
I will not till I please. You shall hear me. My father
charged you in his will to give me good education. You
have trained me like a peasant, obscuring and hiding
from me all gentlemanlike qualities. The spirit of my
father grows strong in me, and I will no longer endure
it. Therefore allow me such exercises as may become a
gentleman, or give me the poor allottery my father left
me by testament. With that I will go buy my fortunes.

DUTCH:
Mijn vader gelastte u bij zijn uitersten wil mij een goede opvoeding te geven; gij hebt mij als een boer grootgebracht en alle edelmansbegaafdheden voor mij verduisterd en verborgen gehouden; de geest van mijn vader wordt sterk in mij en ik wil het niet langer verduren; daarom sta mij de oefeningen toe, die een edelman passen, of keer mij het armoedig erfdeel uit, dat mijn vader mij bij testament naliet; daarmee wil ik mijn geluk beproeven.

MORE:
At accord=Reconciled
Qualities=Accomplishments
Exercises=Pursuits
Allottery=Portion
Fortunes=Livelihood
Compleat:
To accord=Zich onderling verdraagen, eens worden
Qualities=Aart, hoedanigheid, eigenschap van een ding
To exercise oneself with …=Zich bezig houden
Fortunes=Leeven en goederen

Topics: learning/education, order/society, poverty and wealth

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER:
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
You should ask me what time o’ day. There’s no clock
in the forest.
ROSALIND
Then there is no true lover in the forest, else sighing
every minute and groaning every hour would detect the
lazy foot of time as well as a clock.
ORLANDO
And why not the swift foot of time? Had not that been as proper?
ROSALIND
By no means, sir. Time travels in diverse paces with diverse persons. I’ll tell you who time ambles withal, who time trots withal, who time gallops withal, and who he stands still withal.
ORLANDO
I prithee, who doth he trot withal?

DUTCH:
Gij moest liever vragen, welken tijd van den dag het
is, want in het woud is er geen klok.

MORE:
Detect=Reveal, mark
Withal=With
Proper=Appropriate
Paces=Speeds
Compleat:
Detect=Ontdekken, openleggen
Withall=Daar beneeven, mede, met eene
Proper=Bequaam, van een bequaame lengte
Pace=Een stap, treede, schreede, tred, gang, pas, voortgang

Topics: time, order/society, life

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.2
SPEAKER: Celia
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
No, fair princess. He is the general challenger. I come
but in as others do, to try with him the strength of my
youth.
CELIA
Young gentleman, your spirits are too bold for your
years. You have seen cruel proof of this man’s strength.
If you saw yourself with your eyes or knew yourself
with your judgement, the fear of your adventure would
counsel you to a more equal enterprise. We pray you for
your own sake to embrace your own safety and give over
this attempt.
ROSALIND
Do, young sir. Your reputation shall not therefore be
misprized. We will make it our suit to the duke that the
wrestling might not go forward.
ORLANDO
I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts,
wherein I confess me much guilty to deny so fair and
excellent ladies anything. But let your fair eyes and
gentle wishes go with me to my trial, wherein, if I be
foiled, there is but one shamed that was never gracious;
if killed, but one dead that was willing to be so. I
shall do my friends no wrong, for I have none to lament
me; the world no injury, for in it I have nothing. Only
in the world I fill up a place which may be better
supplied when I have made it empty.

DUTCH:
Jonkman, uw moed is te stout voor uwe jaren. Gij hebt wreede bewijzen gezien van de kracht van dezen mensch.

MORE:
Try=Test
Fear=Formidable nature
Counsel you to=Sway you towards
Equal=Equal to you, suitable
Embrace=Cherish
Misprize=(misprise) Undervalue, despise, slight
Compleat:
To try=Beproeven
Fear=Vreeze, bevreesdheid, vervaerdheid
Counsel=Raad, onderrechting
Equal=Wedergade
His strength equalled his courage=Zyne kracht kwam met zynen moet overeen
Embrace=(to receive or embrace an opinion): Een gevoelen omhelzen
Misprision=Verwaarloozing, verzuyming, verachteloozing

Topics: advice, age/experience, courage, caution, reputation

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.4
SPEAKER: Touchstone
CONTEXT:
TOUCHSTONE
I durst go no further than the lie circumstantial, nor
he durst not give me the lie direct, and so we measured
swords and parted.
JAQUES
Can you nominate in order now the degrees of the lie?
TOUCHSTONE
O sir, we quarrel in print, by the book, as you have
books for good manners. I will name you the degrees: the
first, “the retort courteous;” the second, “the quip
modest;” the third, “the reply churlish;” the fourth,
“the reproof valiant;” the fifth, “the countercheque
quarrelsome;” the sixth, “the lie with circumstance;”
the seventh, “the lie direct.” All these you may avoid
but the lie direct, and you may avoid that, too, with an
“if.” I knew when seven justices could not take up a
quarrel, but when the parties were met themselves, one
of them thought but of an “if,” as: “If you said so,
then I said so.” And they shook hands and swore
brothers. Your “if” is the only peacemaker: much virtue
in “if.”

DUTCH:
Zoo’n „indien” is de ware vredestichter; ontzachlijk
krachtig dat „indien”!

MORE:
Quarrel=To wrangle, to seek occasion of a fray, to pick a quarrel.
Met=Had come together
Peace-maker=One who composes differences
Compleat:
Quarrel=Krakeel; twist
A peacemaker=Een vreedemaaker, bevreediger

“O Sir, we quarrel in print: Ref. Fleming, A Panoplie of Epistles (1576), 357: Considering that whatsoever is uttered in such men’s hearing, must be done in print, as we say in our common proverb.

Burgersdijk notes:
Door een logenstraffing, zevenmaal herhaald. Hier en in het volgende wordt gezinspeeld op een boek, dat in 1595 in Londen werd uitgegeven, van Vincentio Saviolo, een schermmeester, waarschijnlijk uit Padua afkomstig en door Essex begunstigd. Het heet: „Vincentio Saviolo his Practise. In two Bookes. The first intreating of the use of the Rapier and Dagger. The second of honour and honourable Quarrels.” Van het tweede deel zegt de schrijver: A discourse most necessarie for all gentlemen that have in regard their honours, touching the giving and receiving of the Lie, where upon the Duello and the Combats in divers sortes doth insue, and many other inconveniences, for lack only of the trite Knowledge of honour and the contrary and the right understanding of wordes. Onder de hoofdstukken vindt men o. a.: What the reason is that the portie unto whom the lye is given ought to become Challenger: and of the nature of Lies; — Of the manner and diversitie of Lies; — Of Lies certaine; — Of conditionall Lies, enz.
Hier en daar ontleent Toetssteen het een en ander woordelijk uit dit boek; zoo leest men in het laatstgenoemd kapittel: „Conditionall lyes be such as are given conditionally; as if a man should saie or write these wordes: If thou hast saide that 1 have offered my Lord abuse, thou lyest; or if thou saiest so hereafter, thou shalt lye. Of these kind of lyes given in this manner often arise much contention in wordes whereof no sure conclusion can arise.” — Vandaar zegt Toetssteen dan ook „Ons twisten gaat naar de boeken”; er staat: in print, by the book: ,,zooals ‘t gedrukt is, naar het boek.”

Topics: law, language, civility, learning/education, dispute, proverbs and idioms

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 3.2
SPEAKER: Orlando
CONTEXT:
ORLANDO
Are you native of this place?
ROSALIND
As the cony that you see dwell where she is kindled.
ORLANDO
Your accent is something finer than you could purchase
in so removed a dwelling.
ROSALIND
I have been told so of many. But indeed an old
religious uncle of mine taught me to speak, who was in
his youth an inland man, one that knew courtship too
well, for there he fell in love. I have heard him read
many lectures against it, and I thank God I am not a
woman, to be touched with so many giddy offences as he
hath generally taxed their whole sex withal.
ORLANDO
Can you remember any of the principal evils that he
laid to the charge of women?
ROSALIND
There were none principal. They were all like one
another as half-pence are, every one fault seeming
monstrous till his fellow fault came to match it.

DUTCH:
Gij hebt een fijner uitspraak, dan gij in zulk een afgelegen
oord kont opdoen.

MORE:
Coney=Rabbit
Kindled=Born
Purchase=Acquire
Removed=Isolated, remote
Touched with=Corrupted, tainted by
Inland=City dweller, cultured
Taxed=Reproached, censured, accused, blamed
Compleat:
Coney=Konijn
To kindle=Onststeeken, aansteeken
Purchase=Verkrygen
To touch (affect, move)=Aandoen, beweegen
To tax=Beschuldigen

Topics: order/society, love, good and bad

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 2.7
SPEAKER: Duke Senior
CONTEXT:

DUKE SENIOR
Art thou thus boldened, man, by thy distress
Or else a rude despiser of good manners,
That in civility thou seem’st so empty?
ORLANDO
You touched my vein at first. The thorny point
Of bare distress hath ta’en from me the show
Of smooth civility, yet am I inland bred
And know some nurture. But forbear, I say.
He dies that touches any of this fruit
Till I and my affairs are answerèd.
JAQUES
An you will not be answered with reason, I must die.
DUKE SENIOR
What would you have? Your gentleness shall force
More than your force move us to gentleness.

DUTCH:
Doch vriend’lijkheid dwingt meer,
Dan ooit uw dwang tot vriend’lijkheid ons stemt.

MORE:
Proverb: There is a great force hidden in a sweet command (1581).

Empty=Void, destitute
Touched=Identified
Vein=Disposition, temper, humour
Thorny point=(fig.) Piercing
Bare distress=Pure pain and misery
Inland=A word of a very vague signification, not so much denoting remoteness from the sea or the frontier, as a seat of peace and peaceful civilization; (perhaps opposite to ‘outlandish’)
Nurture=Good breeding, humanity
Answered=Satisfied, settled
Gentleness=Gentility; kindness, mild manners
Compleat:
Emtpy=Ledig
An empty hope=Een ydele hoop
Thorny=Doornig
Distress=Benaauwdheyd, verlegenheyd; beslag an goederen, panding
Nurture=Opvoeding
Answer=Beantwoorden; antwoord geven
Gentle=(mild or moderate) Zagtmoedig, maatig

Topics: proverbs and idioms, order/society, language, civility, learning/education

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 1.3
SPEAKER: Rosalind
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
I do beseech your Grace,
Let me the knowledge of my fault bear with me.
If with myself I hold intelligence
Or have acquaintance with mine own desires,
If that I do not dream or be not frantic—
As I do trust I am not—then, dear uncle,
Never so much as in a thought unborn
Did I offend your Highness.
DUKE FREDERICK
Thus do all traitors.
If their purgation did consist in words,
They are as innocent as grace itself.
Let it suffice thee that I trust thee not.
ROSALIND
Yet your mistrust cannot make me a traitor.
Tell me whereon the likelihood depends.

DUTCH:
Kan mijn verraad uit uwen argwaan blijken?
Zeg mij ten minste, op welken schijn die rust.

MORE:
Purgation=Clearing from imputation of guilt, exculpation. Used in theology (Purgatory and declaration of innocence oath) and as a legal term of proving of innocence
Frantic=Mad
Likelihood=Probability
Compleat:
Purgation (the clearing one’s self of a crime)=Zuivering van een misdaad
Frantick=Zinneloos, hersenloos, ylhoofdig
Likelihood=Waarschynelykheid

Topics: hope/optimism, madness, offence, guilt, suspicion

PLAY: As You Like It
ACT/SCENE: 5.2
SPEAKER: Phoebe
CONTEXT:
ROSALIND
By my life I do, which I tender dearly, though I say I
am a magician. Therefore put you in your best array, bid
your friends; for if you will be married tomorrow, you
shall, and to Rosalind, if you will.
Look, here comes a lover of mine and a lover of hers.
PHOEBE
Youth, you have done me much ungentleness
To show the letter that I writ to you.
ROSALIND
I care not if I have. It is my study
To seem despiteful and ungentle to you.
You are there followed by a faithful shepherd.
Look upon him, love him; he worships you.
PHOEBE
Good shepherd, tell this youth what ’tis to love.
SILVIUS
It is to be all made of sighs and tears,
And so am I for Phoebe.

DUTCH:
Jonkman, dat was niet hupsch van u gedaan,
Dien brief, dien ik u schreef, te laten zien.

MORE:
Best array=Finest clothes
Bid=Invite
Ungentleness=Unkindness, discourtesy
Study=Purposeful endeavour
Despiteful=Contemptuous
Ungentle=Rude
Compleat:
Bidding=Gebieding, noodiging
To bid=Gebieden, beveelen, belasten, heeten, noodigen, bieden
Ungentle= (untractable) Ontembaar, onhandelbaar; (severe, hard) Gestreng, hard
To study (endeavour)=Trachten, poogen
Despiteful=Spytig, boosaardig

Topics: promise, marriage, appearance, communication

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